ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS 7 science review
1. Which gland located in the neck is responsible for regulating metabolism, growth, and development?
- A. Parathyroid gland
- B. Thyroid gland
- C. Pituitary gland
- D. Thymus gland
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The thyroid gland, located in the neck, is responsible for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. It produces hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that play a crucial role in these functions. The parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels, the pituitary gland controls various hormonal functions, and the thymus gland is involved in immune system development. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they have different functions compared to the thyroid gland.
2. How does an increase in mass affect the force required to produce the same acceleration on an object?
- A. Increases force required
- B. Decreases force required
- C. Has no effect on force required
- D. Causes unpredictable changes in force required
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, 'Increases force required.' According to Newton's second law of motion, force is directly proportional to mass and acceleration (F = ma). Therefore, an increase in mass will require an increase in force to produce the same acceleration on an object. Choice B is incorrect because an increase in mass does not decrease the force required; it increases it. Choice C is incorrect as increasing mass does affect the force required. Choice D is incorrect as the relationship between mass and force is predictable according to Newton's laws of motion.
3. Which statement is TRUE about valence electrons?
- A. They are located in the innermost electron shell.
- B. They have the highest binding energy to the nucleus.
- C. They are most likely to participate in chemical bonding.
- D. They have no influence on the element's chemical properties.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Valence electrons are the outermost electrons in an atom's electron cloud and are crucial in forming chemical bonds with other atoms. These electrons determine the reactivity and chemical properties of an element, making option C the correct statement. Option A is incorrect as valence electrons are found in the outer shell, not the innermost shell. Option B is incorrect because valence electrons have lower binding energy compared to inner electrons. Option D is incorrect since valence electrons play a significant role in an element's chemical behavior.
4. During exercise, oxygen is used to convert glucose into energy for muscles. This process is called:
- A. Aerobic respiration
- B. Anaerobic respiration
- C. Glycolysis
- D. Lactic acid fermentation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Aerobic respiration is the process by which cells use oxygen to convert glucose into energy. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is the most efficient way to produce energy during exercise. Anaerobic respiration and glycolysis are alternative pathways for energy production when oxygen is limited, typically occurring during high-intensity exercise. Lactic acid fermentation, on the other hand, occurs in the absence of oxygen and leads to the production of lactic acid, causing muscle fatigue and soreness.
5. What is the function of a cell wall?
- A. To provide structural support for the cell
- B. To transport substances in and out of the cell
- C. To synthesize proteins and lipids
- D. To store genetic material
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The cell wall is a rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane in plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria. Its main function is to provide structural support and protection for the cell, helping maintain the cell's shape and preventing it from bursting or collapsing. The cell wall also allows for the passage of water, ions, and other molecules in and out of the cell. Options B, C, and D are incorrect because those functions are typically carried out by other cellular structures. Option B is performed by the cell membrane, option C by ribosomes, and option D by the nucleus, which stores genetic material.
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