ATI TEAS 7
TEAS 7 science practice
1. What are the differences between RNA and DNA?
- A. Both have the same structure and function.
- B. RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.
- C. RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.
- D. RNA has adenine and guanine, while DNA has thymine and cytosine.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A) This statement is incorrect. RNA and DNA have different structures and functions. RNA is involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes, while DNA stores genetic information. B) This statement is correct. RNA is typically single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix structure. C) This statement is correct. RNA contains ribose sugar in its backbone, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar. D) This statement is incorrect. RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, while DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Choice B is the correct answer as it accurately describes one of the key differences between RNA and DNA, emphasizing their structural disparity in terms of single-strandedness for RNA and double-strandedness for DNA. Choices A, C, and D contain inaccuracies regarding the structural and compositional distinctions between RNA and DNA, making them incorrect choices.
2. Which respiratory structure is responsible for vocalization and sound production?
- A. Trachea
- B. Larynx
- C. Bronchi
- D. Alveoli
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Larynx. The larynx, also known as the voice box, is the respiratory structure responsible for vocalization and sound production. It contains the vocal cords, which vibrate as air passes through, producing sound. The trachea (A) connects the larynx to the bronchi. While the trachea serves as the windpipe, it is not directly involved in sound production. Bronchi (C) are airway passages that branch off from the trachea and lead to the lungs, but they are not responsible for vocalization. Alveoli (D) are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs, but they are not involved in sound production.
3. The 'fight-or-flight' response is triggered by the hormone released from the:
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Adrenal glands
- C. Pituitary gland
- D. Pancreas
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The 'fight-or-flight' response is triggered by the release of adrenaline (epinephrine) and norepinephrine from the adrenal glands. These hormones prepare the body to either confront or flee from a perceived threat or stressor. The adrenal glands are crucial in initiating this rapid physiological response. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the thyroid gland primarily regulates metabolism and energy levels, the pituitary gland controls other endocrine glands but does not directly trigger the 'fight-or-flight' response, and the pancreas is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon, not for triggering the 'fight-or-flight' response.
4. Which neurotransmitter is responsible for stimulating muscle contraction?
- A. Dopamine
- B. Acetylcholine
- C. Serotonin
- D. Norepinephrine
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter responsible for stimulating muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction. When an action potential reaches the end of a motor neuron, acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the muscle cell membrane, leading to muscle contraction. Dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine are neurotransmitters that have different functions in the nervous system and are not directly involved in stimulating muscle contraction. Dopamine is involved in reward and pleasure pathways, serotonin regulates mood and behavior, and norepinephrine is involved in the 'fight or flight' response.
5. Connective tissue provides support and connects other tissues. What is the main component that gives connective tissue its strength?
- A. Collagen fibers
- B. Epithelial cells
- C. Nerve cells
- D. Blood cells
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Collagen fibers are the main component that gives connective tissue its strength. Collagen is a fibrous protein that provides structural support and tensile strength to connective tissues, allowing them to withstand stretching and tension. Epithelial cells, nerve cells, and blood cells are not the main components responsible for the strength of connective tissue. Epithelial cells are specialized for covering and lining surfaces, nerve cells transmit signals, and blood cells are involved in various functions like oxygen transport and immune response, but they do not provide the structural strength typical of collagen fibers in connective tissue.
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