ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS Practice Test Science
1. Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movements?
- A. Medulla oblongata
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Thalamus
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary muscle movements. It plays a crucial role in motor control, helping to maintain balance, posture, and coordination of voluntary movements. The medulla oblongata is involved in regulating basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate. The thalamus serves as a relay center for sensory information, while the hypothalamus is primarily involved in regulating various physiological processes like body temperature, hunger, and thirst. Hence, the correct answer is the cerebellum as it is specifically associated with voluntary muscle coordination, unlike the other brain regions listed.
2. What is hydroxyapatite?
- A. A mixture of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus that strengthen the collagen matrix of bone.
- B. The structural unit of a bone that runs the length of the bone.
- C. The covering of bones at the point of articulation to prevent grinding.
- D. The lightest portion of a long bone and concentrated at the ends.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hydroxyapatite is a mineral compound composed of calcium and phosphorus that plays a crucial role in strengthening the collagen matrix of bones, contributing to their structural integrity and hardness. It is a key component of bone tissue and provides the mineralization necessary for bone strength and density. Choice B is incorrect because the structural unit of a bone is the osteon or Haversian system, not hydroxyapatite. Choice C is incorrect as it describes cartilage, not hydroxyapatite. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to the epiphysis, which is not synonymous with hydroxyapatite.
3. What type of bond is present in salt?
- A. Ionic
- B. Nonpolar covalent
- C. Polar covalent
- D. Peptide
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Ionic.' Ionic bonds are formed in salts through the transfer of electrons between atoms, leading to the attraction between positively and negatively charged ions. This results in a stable ionic compound, such as common table salt (sodium chloride). Nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, and peptide bonds are not typically found in salts. Nonpolar covalent bonds involve the equal sharing of electrons, polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, and peptide bonds are specific to proteins, not salts.
4. What is the primary function of the stomach in the digestive system?
- A. To absorb nutrients
- B. To break down proteins
- C. To neutralize stomach acid
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To break down proteins.' The primary function of the stomach in the digestive system is to break down proteins using gastric acid and enzymes. The stomach's acidic environment aids in protein digestion and prepares food for further processing in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the stomach. Choice C is incorrect because the stomach actually produces stomach acid to aid in digestion, not to neutralize it. Choice D is incorrect because regulating body temperature is not a primary function of the stomach within the digestive system.
5. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a high percentage of CO2 and a very low percentage of O2 in the blood?
- A. Asphyxia
- B. Emphysema
- C. Eupnea
- D. Hypoxia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Asphyxia is the correct answer as it refers to a condition with high CO2 and low O2 levels in the blood. Asphyxia can result in oxygen deprivation and excess carbon dioxide in the bloodstream, posing a life-threatening situation if not treated promptly. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease characterized by the damage to the air sacs in the lungs, leading to breathing difficulties. Eupnea denotes normal breathing without any abnormalities. Hypoxia, on the other hand, involves low oxygen levels reaching the body's tissues, which can result from various causes such as reduced oxygen in the air or respiratory issues.
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