ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS Science Questions
1. Which term describes a position closer to the midline of the body? Example: The chest is medial to the arm.
- A. Lateral
- B. Medial
- C. Proximal
- D. Distal
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'B: Medial.' 'Medial' refers to a position closer to the midline of the body, while 'lateral' refers to a position further from the midline. 'Proximal' describes a position closer to the point of attachment or trunk of the body, while 'distal' refers to a position further away from the point of attachment or trunk.
2. Which structure in the digestive system absorbs the most nutrients?
- A. Stomach
- B. Small intestine
- C. Large intestine
- D. Esophagus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site where the absorption of nutrients from digested food occurs. Its large surface area, specialized cells, and villi play key roles in maximizing nutrient absorption, making it the structure in the digestive system that absorbs the most nutrients. The stomach's main function is to break down food with acid and enzymes, not absorb nutrients. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes, not nutrients. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat with the stomach and does not play a role in nutrient absorption.
3. Which of the following organs is part of the central nervous system?
- A. Heart
- B. Brain
- C. Liver
- D. Lungs
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Brain. The brain is a vital organ that is part of the central nervous system, along with the spinal cord. It plays a crucial role in processing information, controlling body functions, and coordinating responses to stimuli. The heart, liver, and lungs are not part of the central nervous system; they belong to the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, respectively. The heart is part of the cardiovascular system, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. The liver is part of the digestive system, involved in processes like detoxification and metabolism. The lungs are part of the respiratory system, facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing.
4. Which of the following is NOT a major function of the respiratory system in humans?
- A. It provides a large surface area for gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- B. It helps regulate the blood's pH.
- C. It helps cushion the heart against jarring motions.
- D. It is responsible for vocalization.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Option C, 'It helps cushion the heart against jarring motions,' is NOT a major function of the respiratory system in humans. The primary functions of the respiratory system include gas exchange, regulation of blood pH, and vocalization. The respiratory system does not play a role in cushioning the heart; that function is primarily carried out by the pericardium and other protective structures around the heart. Choices A, B, and D are major functions of the respiratory system in humans. Choice A refers to the respiratory system's role in gas exchange, Choice B highlights its involvement in regulating blood pH, and Choice D points out its responsibility for vocalization.
5. What are the four main regions of the stomach?
- A. Pylorus, cecum, fundus, body
- B. Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
- C. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum
- D. Cardia, fundus, body, ileum
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus. The four main regions of the stomach are the cardia (where food enters), fundus (upper part), body (largest part), and pylorus (exit part to the small intestine). These regions play specific roles in the digestion process. Choice A is incorrect because the cecum is part of the large intestine, not the stomach. Choice C lists parts of the small intestine, not the stomach. Choice D is incorrect as the ileum is the last part of the small intestine, not a region of the stomach.
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