ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS Science Practice Test
1. What are the two layers of the spinal cord?
- A. White matter and grey matter
- B. Epithelial and connective tissue
- C. Adipose and muscular tissue
- D. Dermis and hypodermis
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: White matter and grey matter. The spinal cord is composed of an exterior layer of white matter, which surrounds an interior core of grey matter. White matter consists mainly of myelinated axons, while grey matter contains cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons. White matter is responsible for transmitting nerve signals up and down the spinal cord, while grey matter processes sensory information and initiates motor commands. The other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect as they do not represent the anatomical layers of the spinal cord. Epithelial and connective tissue, adipose and muscular tissue, dermis, and hypodermis are not the layers of the spinal cord but are found in other parts of the body such as skin and organs.
2. Which type of reaction builds larger and more complex molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy?
- A. Catabolic reaction
- B. Anabolic reaction
- C. Exothermic reaction
- D. Hydrolytic reaction
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Anabolic reaction.' Anabolic reactions involve the synthesis of larger and more complex molecules from smaller ones, requiring an input of energy, often in the form of ATP. These reactions are essential for processes like growth, repair, and the building of cellular structures. Catabolic reactions, on the other hand, break down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy. Exothermic reactions release heat, while hydrolytic reactions involve the breakdown of molecules with the addition of water. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not describe the process of building larger and more complex molecules from smaller ones with the requirement of energy.
3. What are the three layers of the skin?
- A. Epidermis, dermis, subdermis
- B. Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
- C. Dermis, subdermis, hypodermis
- D. Epidermis, dermis, adipose layer
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Epidermis, dermis, hypodermis. The three layers of the skin are the epidermis (outer layer), dermis (middle layer), and hypodermis (inner layer of fat and connective tissue). The hypodermis is also known as the subcutaneous tissue and is primarily composed of adipose (fat) tissue, providing insulation and padding to the body. Choice A is incorrect as 'subdermis' is not a recognized layer of the skin. Choice C is incorrect as 'dermis' is the middle layer, not the outer layer. Choice D is incorrect as the layer below the dermis is the hypodermis, not specifically an 'adipose layer.'
4. What is the path of oxygenated blood flow in our body?
- A. From the heart directly to the brain
- B. From the lungs to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle, and out through the aorta
- C. From the body to the right atrium to the lungs
- D. From the left atrium directly to the aorta
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Oxygenated blood flows from the lungs to the left atrium, then to the left ventricle, and is pumped out through the aorta to the body. This pathway ensures efficient oxygen delivery to the body's tissues and organs. Choice A is incorrect as oxygenated blood does not flow directly from the heart to the brain. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests a route from the body to the right atrium and then to the lungs, which is the pathway for deoxygenated blood. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a direct pathway from the left atrium to the aorta, skipping the left ventricle, which is essential for pumping blood to the body.
5. What are the primary differences between systemic and pulmonary circulation?
- A. Systemic circulation is shorter and has lower blood pressure
- B. Pulmonary circulation is shorter and has higher blood pressure
- C. Systemic circulation is longer and has higher blood pressure
- D. Systemic circulation is shorter but has higher blood pressure
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Systemic circulation is longer as it involves carrying oxygenated blood throughout the body, requiring higher blood pressure. Pulmonary circulation is shorter and involves the flow of blood only through the lungs, hence having lower blood pressure. Therefore, systemic circulation is longer and has higher blood pressure compared to pulmonary circulation. Choice A is incorrect as systemic circulation is longer, not shorter, and has higher blood pressure. Choice B is incorrect as pulmonary circulation has lower blood pressure, not higher. Choice D is incorrect as systemic circulation is longer, not shorter, despite having higher blood pressure.
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