Nursing Elites

1. What does potency refer to in regards to cells?

• A. The cell's ability to survive
• B. The cell's ability to move
• C. The cell's ability to divide rapidly
• D. The cell's ability to differentiate

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Potency refers to a cell's potential to differentiate into different cell types. It is not related to the cell's ability to survive (Choice A), move (Choice B), or divide rapidly (Choice C). Stem cells, for example, exhibit varying degrees of potency based on their capacity to give rise to various cell types. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately defines the concept of potency in cells.

2. Which plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves?

• A. Sagittal/Median Plane
• B. Frontal/Coronal Plane
• C. Transverse/Cross-Section Plane
• D. Horizontal Plane

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - Frontal/Coronal Plane. This plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves, the transverse plane separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. The horizontal plane is not a standard anatomical term for body division and does not provide division into front and back halves.

3. A spring with a spring constant of 100 N/m is stretched 0.2 m from its equilibrium position. What is the potential energy stored in the spring?

• A. 2 J
• B. 4 J
• C. 8 J
• D. 20 J

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The potential energy stored in a spring is given by the formula \(PE = \frac{1}{2}kx^2\), where \(k\) is the spring constant and \(x\) is the displacement from the equilibrium position. Substituting the given values, we get \(PE = \frac{1}{2} \times 100 \times (0.2)^2 = 8\) J.

4. Which of the following describes the general function of cytokines in the immune system?

• A. They communicate between cells to instigate an immune response.
• B. They inhibit blood clotting during inflammation responses.
• C. They bind to specific pathogens to increase pathogen mass.
• D. They transport pathogens trapped in mucus to be destroyed in the stomach.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'They communicate between cells to instigate an immune response.' Cytokines are signaling molecules that act as messengers between cells in the immune system, playing a vital role in coordinating and regulating immune responses. They communicate with various immune cells to initiate appropriate responses against pathogens. Choice B is incorrect because cytokines do not inhibit blood clotting but rather regulate immune responses. Choice C is incorrect as cytokines do not bind to specific pathogens to increase their mass; instead, they regulate the immune response. Choice D is also incorrect because cytokines do not transport pathogens trapped in mucus to the stomach for destruction; they primarily function as signaling molecules within the immune system.

5. What is the term for the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance?

• A. Solubility
• B. Miscibility
• C. Immiscibility
• D. Reactivity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Solubility is the property that describes the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance. When a substance is soluble in another, it means it can form a homogeneous solution by dispersing at a molecular level within the solvent. Miscibility, on the other hand, refers to the ability of two liquids to mix and form a homogeneous solution. Immiscibility indicates the inability of substances to mix to form a homogeneous solution. Reactivity pertains to the ability of a substance to undergo chemical reactions, which is distinct from the concept of solubility.

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