ATI TEAS 7
TEAS 7 science practice questions
1. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, is essential for regulating electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium, in the body?
- A. Aldosterone
- B. Epinephrine
- C. Cortisol
- D. Insulin
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Aldosterone is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance, specifically by regulating sodium and potassium levels in the body. Its primary function involves acting on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water while promoting the excretion of potassium. This process is essential for regulating blood pressure, fluid balance, and electrolyte concentrations in the body. Epinephrine is associated with the fight or flight response, cortisol is a stress hormone, and insulin is responsible for regulating blood sugar levels as produced by the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is Aldosterone as it directly targets electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium, in the body.
2. What is the main component of stomach acid?
- A. Hydrochloric acid
- B. Bicarbonate
- C. Bile salts
- D. Enzymes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Stomach acid, also known as gastric acid, is primarily composed of hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid plays a crucial role in the digestive process by helping to break down food and kill bacteria in the stomach. Bicarbonate is a base that helps neutralize stomach acid in the small intestine, but it is not the main component of stomach acid. Bile salts are produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, aiding in the digestion and absorption of fats, but they are not the main component of stomach acid. Enzymes are proteins that help catalyze chemical reactions in the body, including the breakdown of food molecules during digestion, but they are not the main component of stomach acid.
3. How is power related to energy?
- A. Power is the same as energy
- B. Energy is the rate at which work is done
- C. Power is the amount of stored energy
- D. Energy is the rate at which power is transferred
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Energy is the capacity to do work, while power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. Power is the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. Therefore, energy is related to power as the rate at which work is done. Choice A is incorrect because power and energy are not the same; they are related concepts but represent different aspects. Choice C is incorrect because power does not refer to stored energy but rather the rate of energy transfer. Choice D is incorrect because energy is not the rate at which power is transferred, but the capacity to do work or cause change.
4. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic refers to:
- A. The lowest concentration that kills bacteria
- B. The dose required for 50% bacterial inhibition
- C. The time it takes for an antibiotic to work
- D. The spectrum of bacteria the antibiotic targets
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A) The lowest concentration that kills bacteria is known as the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), not the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC is the lowest concentration of an antibiotic that inhibits visible growth of bacteria. B) The MIC of an antibiotic is the concentration at which bacterial growth is inhibited by 50%. This concentration is used to determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic against a specific bacterium. C) The time it takes for an antibiotic to work is not described by the MIC. MIC is a measure of concentration, not time. D) The spectrum of bacteria the antibiotic targets is not defined by the MIC. The MIC value is specific to a particular antibiotic and bacterium, regardless of the spectrum of activity of the antibiotic.
5. What is the function of arrector pili muscles?
- A. To control sweat production
- B. To contract and cause goosebumps
- C. To produce sebum
- D. To sense touch
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct function of arrector pili muscles is to contract and cause goosebumps. These small muscles are attached to hair follicles in mammals. When they contract, they cause the hair to stand on end, resulting in goosebumps. This physiological response is often triggered by cold temperatures or emotional states like fear, helping mammals conserve heat or appear larger in threatening situations. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Arrector pili muscles are not involved in controlling sweat production (Choice A), producing sebum (Choice C), or sensing touch (Choice D).
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