Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following colligative properties refers to the elevation of the boiling point of a solution?

• A. Freezing point depression
• B. Vapor pressure lowering
• C. Osmotic pressure
• D. Boiling point elevation

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Boiling point elevation.' Boiling point elevation is a colligative property that describes the increase in the boiling point of a solvent when a non-volatile solute is added to it. This occurs because the presence of solute particles in the solvent lowers the vapor pressure of the solution, requiring a higher temperature to reach the same vapor pressure as the pure solvent. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Freezing point depression refers to the lowering of the freezing point of a solution, vapor pressure lowering is the reduction in vapor pressure due to the presence of solute particles, and osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane in osmosis.

2. An object is initially at rest. Which of the following will definitely NOT cause it to move?

• A. A constant force acting on it
• B. No force acting on it
• C. A force that increases in magnitude over time
• D. A force that decreases in magnitude over time

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because if an object is initially at rest and no force is acting on it, it will remain at rest due to Newton's First Law of Motion. This law states that an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an external force. Choices A, C, and D all involve forces acting on the object, which would cause it to move according to Newton's laws of motion. Choice A, a constant force acting on the object, would cause it to move at a constant velocity. Choice C, a force that increases in magnitude over time, would accelerate the object. Choice D, a force that decreases in magnitude over time, would decelerate the object.

3. Which organ produces insulin and glucagon?

• A. Salivary Glands
• B. Liver
• C. Gallbladder
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Pancreas. The pancreas is the organ responsible for producing the hormones insulin and glucagon. Insulin functions to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose by cells for energy production. On the other hand, glucagon works to raise blood sugar levels by prompting the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. The pancreas is a vital organ in the endocrine system, playing a crucial role in maintaining appropriate blood sugar levels in the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as the salivary glands produce saliva, the liver is involved in various metabolic functions, and the gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver, but none of these organs produce insulin and glucagon.

4. Which of the following is an example of a nonpolar solvent?

• A. Water
• B. Ethanol
• C. Acetone
• D. Hydrochloric acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - Water (option A) is a polar solvent due to its uneven distribution of charge, with the oxygen atom being partially negative and the hydrogen atoms being partially positive. - Ethanol (option B) is a nonpolar solvent because it has a symmetrical molecular structure that does not result in significant charge separation. - Acetone (option C) is a polar solvent as it contains a carbonyl group that results in a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom. - Hydrochloric acid (option D) is a polar solvent due to the presence of the highly electronegative chlorine atom, which results in a partial negative charge.

5. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?

• A. Transporting oxygen to cells
• B. Maintaining blood pressure
• C. Carrying waste products to the kidneys for removal
• D. Initiating the immune response

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting oxygen to cells (A), maintaining blood pressure (B), and carrying waste products to the kidneys for removal (C). Initiating the immune response (D) is not a function of the cardiovascular system. The immune response is primarily carried out by the immune system, which includes organs like the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it pertains to a function outside the scope of the cardiovascular system, making it the odd one out among the given choices.

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