Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following phases of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids and their movement to opposite poles?

• A. Metaphase
• B. Anaphase
• C. Telophase
• D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During anaphase of mitosis, the sister chromatids, which are duplicated copies of a chromosome, separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This movement is facilitated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromatids. As a result, each pole of the cell receives a complete set of chromosomes, ensuring that the daughter cells produced after cell division will have the correct number of chromosomes. Metaphase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator, not their separation. Telophase is the phase following anaphase, where the separated chromatids reach the opposite poles and nuclear envelopes start to form around them. Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division, where the cytoplasm is divided to form two separate daughter cells.

2. What is the primary function of red blood cells?

• A. To transport nutrients
• B. To transport oxygen
• C. To fight infection
• D. To produce antibodies

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To transport oxygen. Red blood cells play a crucial role in carrying oxygen from the lungs to all the tissues and organs in the body. This oxygen transport is essential for cellular respiration, where oxygen is used in the production of energy. Red blood cells do not primarily transport nutrients, fight infection, or produce antibodies. Choice A is incorrect because while red blood cells do carry some nutrients, their primary function is to transport oxygen. Choice C is incorrect because immune cells, not red blood cells, are responsible for fighting infections. Choice D is incorrect as antibody production is mainly carried out by specialized white blood cells, not red blood cells.

3. Which of the following layers of the skin does not contain blood vessels?

• A. Hypodermis
• B. Dermis
• C. Epidermis
• D. Hyperdermis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and is avascular, meaning it does not contain blood vessels. It receives nutrients through diffusion from the underlying dermis. The hypodermis is the subcutaneous tissue beneath the dermis and contains blood vessels. The dermis is the layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, which contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and sweat glands. 'Hyperdermis' is not a correct anatomical term and is not a layer of the skin, making it an incorrect choice for this question.

4. Which of the following lobes of the brain is responsible for sensation, perception, and spatial reasoning?

• A. Frontal
• B. Occipital
• C. Parietal
• D. Temporal

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The parietal lobe is responsible for sensation, perception, and spatial reasoning. It plays a crucial role in processing sensory information, assisting in spatial orientation, and integrating various sensory inputs to create a comprehensive perception of the surrounding environment. The frontal lobe, although important for higher cognitive functions and motor skills, is not primarily responsible for sensation, perception, or spatial reasoning. The occipital lobe is mainly involved in visual processing, and the temporal lobe is primarily associated with auditory processing, memory, and emotions, making them incorrect choices for this question.

5. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

• A. Transporting nutrients throughout the body
• B. Removing excess fluids and waste products from tissues
• C. Producing red blood cells
• D. Regulating body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the lymphatic system is to remove excess fluids, waste products, and toxins from tissues. It maintains fluid balance and supports the immune system by transporting lymph, which contains white blood cells, throughout the body. Choice A is incorrect as nutrient transport is primarily handled by the circulatory system. Choice C is incorrect because red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, not the lymphatic system. Choice D is incorrect as the regulation of body temperature is mainly controlled by the endocrine system and thermoregulatory mechanisms in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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