Nursing Elites

1. Which epithelial tissue type is the outermost layer of your skin an example of?

• A. Simple cuboidal
• B. Stratified squamous
• C. Simple columnar
• D. Stratified columnar

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis, is composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue. This type of tissue is well-suited for protection against mechanical stress and dehydration, making it ideal for the skin's barrier function. Simple cuboidal (Choice A) epithelial tissue is found in areas where secretion and absorption occur, such as kidney tubules. Simple columnar (Choice C) epithelial tissue lines the digestive tract, providing a large surface area for absorption. Stratified columnar (Choice D) epithelial tissue is less common and is found in limited regions like parts of the male urethra and ducts of some glands, but not in the outermost layer of the skin.

2. Which of the following phases of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids and their movement to opposite poles?

• A. Metaphase
• B. Anaphase
• C. Telophase
• D. Cytokinesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During anaphase of mitosis, the sister chromatids, which are duplicated copies of a chromosome, separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell. This movement is facilitated by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromatids. As a result, each pole of the cell receives a complete set of chromosomes, ensuring that the daughter cells produced after cell division will have the correct number of chromosomes. Metaphase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes at the cell's equator, not their separation. Telophase is the phase following anaphase, where the separated chromatids reach the opposite poles and nuclear envelopes start to form around them. Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division, where the cytoplasm is divided to form two separate daughter cells.

3. Which of the following substances can donate a hydroxide ion (OH-) in solution?

• A. Salt
• B. Base
• C. Neutral compound
• D. Dehydrating agent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Base. A base is a substance that can donate hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution. Bases increase the concentration of hydroxide ions by either accepting protons (H+) or donating hydroxide ions. Salts are ionic compounds made of cations and anions, which do not directly donate hydroxide ions. Neutral compounds do not significantly affect the concentration of hydroxide ions. Dehydrating agents are substances that remove water molecules from other compounds, unrelated to donating hydroxide ions.

4. Which of the following is specialized tissue in the right atrium that acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker by generating the electrical signal for the heartbeat?

• A. sinus venosus
• B. sinoatrial node
• C. atrioventricular node
• D. tricuspid valve

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The sinoatrial node, often referred to as the SA node, is specialized tissue located in the right atrium of the heart. It functions as the heart's natural pacemaker by generating the electrical signal that initiates each heartbeat. This electrical signal spreads to the atrial muscles and then to the atrioventricular node, causing the heart to contract rhythmically and efficiently. The other options listed do not serve as the heart's natural pacemaker responsible for generating the electrical signal for the heartbeat. Sinus venosus is a developmental structure in fetal hearts, the atrioventricular node delays the electrical signal, and the tricuspid valve is a heart valve that prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium.

5. What is molarity a measure of in a solution?

• A. Volume of the solvent
• B. Amount of solute
• C. Concentration of solute
• D. Temperature of the solution

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Molarity is a measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution. It is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. Molarity is not a measure of the volume of the solvent (choice A), the amount of solute (choice B), or the temperature of the solution (choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is the concentration of solute (choice C) as molarity specifically quantifies the solute concentration in a solution.

Similar Questions