Nursing Elites

1. What is the functional group present in amines?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Amine
• D. Nitro

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The functional group present in amines is the amine group, represented as -NH2. Amines are organic compounds characterized by the presence of a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms. The amine group distinguishes amines from other types of organic compounds, such as alcohols with the hydroxyl group, ketones with the carbonyl group, and nitro compounds with the nitro group. Therefore, the correct answer is 'C: Amine.'

2. What are the differences between RNA and DNA?

• A. Both have the same structure and function.
• B. RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.
• C. RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.
• D. RNA has adenine and guanine, while DNA has thymine and cytosine.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A) This statement is incorrect. RNA and DNA have different structures and functions. RNA is involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes, while DNA stores genetic information. B) This statement is correct. RNA is typically single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix structure. C) This statement is correct. RNA contains ribose sugar in its backbone, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar. D) This statement is incorrect. RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, while DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Choice B is the correct answer as it accurately describes one of the key differences between RNA and DNA, emphasizing their structural disparity in terms of single-strandedness for RNA and double-strandedness for DNA. Choices A, C, and D contain inaccuracies regarding the structural and compositional distinctions between RNA and DNA, making them incorrect choices.

3. The gland located on top of the kidneys responsible for regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance is the:

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Adrenal gland
• D. Parathyroid gland

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The gland located on top of the kidneys responsible for regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance is the adrenal gland. The adrenal gland produces hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone, which play a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance in the body. The other choices, thyroid gland (choice A), pituitary gland (choice B), and parathyroid gland (choice D), do not have a primary role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance. The thyroid gland is responsible for regulating metabolism, the pituitary gland controls various endocrine functions, and the parathyroid gland regulates calcium levels in the body.

4. Which of the following is true regarding T cells?

• A. They are only seen in individuals with leukemia.
• B. They are a specialized type of white blood cell.
• C. They mature in the thymus.
• D. They play a role in the immune response.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: T cells are a specialized type of white blood cell that play a crucial role in the immune response. They are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. T cells help coordinate and regulate the immune response to pathogens and foreign substances by interacting with other immune cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. T cells are not exclusively seen in individuals with leukemia; they are a normal component of the immune system found in healthy individuals. While it is true that T cells are a specialized type of white blood cell, the key characteristic being tested in this question is their role in the immune response. Lastly, T cells do mature in the thymus, but this alone does not encompass the full scope of their function in the immune system.

5. What are the components of the male internal genitalia and their functions?

• A. Prostate gland: produces hormones
• B. Testes: produce sperm and testosterone
• C. Epididymis: stores and matures sperm
• D. Urethra: conducts urine and semen out of the body

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The testes play a crucial role in male reproduction by producing sperm and testosterone. Sperm production is essential for fertility, while testosterone is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics. The epididymis functions to store and mature sperm, allowing them to become motile. The prostate gland, not listed among the choices, secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm. The urethra serves the purpose of conducting both urine and semen out of the body, enabling the excretion of waste and reproductive fluids.

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