Nursing Elites

1. A large geographic area characterized by similar climate, plants, and animals is called a:

• A. Population
• B. Community
• C. Biome
• D. Ecosystem

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) Population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area. B) Community refers to all the populations of different species living and interacting in a particular area. C) Biome is a large geographic area characterized by similar climate, plants, and animals. Biomes are defined by factors such as temperature, precipitation, and vegetation types. D) Ecosystem refers to a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their physical environment. An ecosystem can be part of a biome.

2. What are the components of the male external genitalia and their functions?

• A. Prostate gland: produces seminal fluid
• B. Scrotum: protects and maintains the temperature of the testes
• C. Penis: delivers sperm to female reproductive tract
• D. Urethra: conducts urine out of the body

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The penis is responsible for delivering sperm to the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse. The scrotum is not involved in producing sperm but rather protects and regulates the temperature of the testes, which is essential for sperm production. The prostate gland is involved in producing seminal fluid, not sperm. The urethra serves the purpose of conducting urine out of the body and also acts as a passage for semen during ejaculation.

3. What is kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency disease, characterized by?

• A. Muscle wasting
• B. Night blindness
• C. Scurvy
• D. Rickets

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a severe acute malnutrition condition resulting from insufficient dietary protein intake. It is characterized by symptoms such as edema, skin lesions, an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates, and notably, muscle wasting. Muscle wasting occurs as the body breaks down muscle tissue to obtain essential amino acids for vital functions. Night blindness (option B) is associated with vitamin A deficiency, scurvy (option C) results from a lack of vitamin C, and rickets (option D) is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.

4. Which of the following are the products of anaerobic respiration in humans?

• A. Ethyl alcohol and CO2
• B. Ethyl alcohol only
• C. Lactic acid and CO2
• D. Lactic acid only

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During anaerobic respiration in humans, lactic acid and CO2 are produced. Choice A, 'Ethyl alcohol and CO2,' is incorrect because ethyl alcohol is not a product of anaerobic respiration in humans. Choice B, 'Ethyl alcohol only,' is incorrect as ethyl alcohol is not a product of anaerobic respiration in humans. Choice D, 'Lactic acid only,' is incorrect because CO2 is also a product of anaerobic respiration in humans.

5. What is the medical term for heartburn, a burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid?

• A. Dysphagia
• B. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• C. Peptic ulcer
• D. Ulcerative colitis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A) Dysphagia refers to difficulty swallowing and is not specifically related to heartburn. B) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the medical term for heartburn, which is a burning sensation in the chest caused by stomach acid flowing back up into the esophagus. C) Peptic ulcer is a sore that develops on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus, and it can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, not specifically heartburn. D) Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon and rectum, and it does not typically cause heartburn.

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