Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following best describes the function of synergists?

• A. They assist primary movers in completing specific movements
• B. They stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion
• C. They help prevent unwanted movement at a joint
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Synergists play multiple roles in muscle function. They assist primary movers in completing specific movements by working together with them. Additionally, synergists help stabilize the point of origin and provide extra pull near the insertion, contributing to the efficiency of movement. Furthermore, they also help prevent unwanted movement at a joint by ensuring that the intended motion is executed smoothly. Therefore, all the statements in the answer choices accurately describe the functions of synergists, making 'All of the above' the most comprehensive and precise description of their role.

2. The adaptive immune system has two main branches: humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Which type of immune cell is primarily responsible for antibody production?

• A. Helper T cells
• B. Cytotoxic T cells
• C. B cells
• D. Natural killer cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: B cells are primarily responsible for antibody production in the adaptive immune system. When activated, B cells differentiate into plasma cells, which are specialized to produce antibodies. Helper T cells play a crucial role in activating B cells, but they do not directly produce antibodies. Cytotoxic T cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity by killing infected cells, while natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system and target virus-infected and cancerous cells. Therefore, the correct answer is C (B cells) as they are directly involved in the production of antibodies, essential for humoral immunity.

3. Which organ system is most responsible for maintaining control of body temperature?

• A. The skeletal system.
• B. The circulatory system.
• C. The immune system.
• D. The muscular system.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The circulatory system is the correct answer as it plays a crucial role in maintaining control of body temperature through a process called thermoregulation. Blood vessels near the skin surface dilate to dissipate heat when the body is too warm and constrict to reduce heat loss when it's too cold. Additionally, the circulatory system helps distribute heat produced from metabolic processes throughout the body to keep a stable internal temperature. The skeletal system provides structural support, the immune system defends against pathogens, and the muscular system is responsible for movement, but they are not primarily involved in regulating body temperature.

4. What is the best tool to measure the volume of a solid?

• A. Triple beam balance
• B. Measuring wheel and mathematical formula
• C. Graduated cylinder
• D. Measuring wheel

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A graduated cylinder is the most suitable tool to measure the volume of both liquids and solids. It works by measuring the displacement of water when the solid is submerged in the graduated cylinder. Choice A, the triple beam balance, is used to measure mass, not volume. Choice B, using a measuring wheel and mathematical formula, is typically used to measure distance or area, not volume. Choice D, a measuring wheel, is used to measure distance, making it inappropriate for measuring the volume of a solid.

5. What is the action of the triceps reflex?

• A. Forces contraction of the triceps and extension of the arm.
• B. Forces contraction of the biceps, relaxation of the biceps, and arm extension.
• C. Causes the triceps to contract, causing the forearm to supinate and flex.
• D. Causes the triceps to relax and the upper arm to pronate and extend.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The triceps reflex causes the triceps muscle to contract, leading to the extension of the arm. This reflex is a protective response to sudden stretching of the triceps muscle, as seen when a physician taps the triceps tendon during a physical examination. Choice A is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the action of the triceps reflex. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they describe actions that are not associated with the triceps reflex. Biceps contraction, forearm supination, flexion, triceps relaxation, and pronation are not part of the triceps reflex arc.

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