Nursing Elites

1. What is the role of the hypothalamus in the body?

• A. To regulate digestion
• B. To regulate hormones
• C. To regulate body temperature
• D. To regulate the immune system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To regulate hormones.' The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating hormones and maintaining homeostasis by controlling various functions such as hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sleep-wake cycles. While digestion, body temperature, and the immune system are important bodily functions, they are not primarily controlled by the hypothalamus. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately represent the primary function of the hypothalamus.

2. Which part of the digestive system is responsible for absorbing water and forming feces?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the large intestine. The large intestine is responsible for absorbing water and forming feces from undigested food. The stomach's main function is to break down food with acid and enzymes. The small intestine is where most of the nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The esophagus is the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and does not play a role in absorbing water or forming feces.

3. Which of the following properties is NOT characteristic of a covalent bond?

• A. Sharing of electrons between atoms
• B. High melting and boiling points
• C. Low electrical conductivity in solid state
• D. Directional bonding

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Covalent bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms, leading to the formation of molecules with directional bonding. This means that the atoms are held together in a specific orientation. Covalent compounds generally exhibit low melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds due to the weaker intermolecular forces present in covalent compounds. Furthermore, covalent compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state because the electrons are localized between the atoms and are not free to move and carry charge. Hence, high melting and boiling points are not characteristic of covalent bonds. The correct answer is 'B' because high melting and boiling points are typically associated with ionic compounds due to their strong electrostatic interactions, while covalent compounds have lower melting and boiling points. Choices A, C, and D are all characteristics of covalent bonds, making them incorrect answers for this question.

4. What happens to the frequency of a wave when its wavelength is doubled, assuming the speed remains constant?

• A. Frequency remains the same.
• B. Frequency is halved.
• C. Frequency is doubled.
• D. Frequency information is insufficient to determine.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When the wavelength of a wave is doubled, and the speed of the wave remains constant, the frequency of the wave is halved. This relationship is governed by the equation speed = frequency x wavelength. Therefore, if the wavelength is doubled while the speed remains constant, the frequency must be halved to maintain a constant speed. Choice A is incorrect because frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional when speed is constant. Choice C is incorrect as doubling the wavelength does not result in a doubled frequency. Choice D is incorrect as the relationship between frequency, wavelength, and speed can be determined using the given information.

5. Which functional group is commonly found in ketones?

• A. Hydroxyl
• B. Carbonyl
• C. Ester
• D. Amine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ketones contain a carbonyl functional group, which consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. This distinguishes ketones from other functional groups such as hydroxyl, ester, and amine. The presence of the carbonyl group, not hydroxyl (choice A), ester (choice C), or amine (choice D), is characteristic of ketones, making choice B, 'Carbonyl', the correct answer.

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