ATI TEAS 7
ati teas 7 science
1. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland. What is its primary function?
- A. Regulate blood pressure
- B. Stimulate the digestive system
- C. Control sleep-wake cycles
- D. Maintain bone density
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Melatonin is primarily known for its role in controlling sleep-wake cycles. It is produced by the pineal gland in response to darkness, helping signal the body that it is time to sleep. Melatonin levels typically rise in the evening and stay elevated throughout the night, promoting sleep. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as melatonin's primary function is not to regulate blood pressure, stimulate the digestive system, or maintain bone density. While melatonin may have some indirect effects on these functions, its main role lies in regulating the circadian rhythm and promoting a restful sleep cycle.
2. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cardiovascular system?
- A. Transporting oxygen to cells
- B. Maintaining blood pressure
- C. Carrying waste products to the kidneys for removal
- D. Initiating the immune response
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting oxygen to cells (A), maintaining blood pressure (B), and carrying waste products to the kidneys for removal (C). Initiating the immune response (D) is not a function of the cardiovascular system. The immune response is primarily carried out by the immune system, which includes organs like the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it pertains to a function outside the scope of the cardiovascular system, making it the odd one out among the given choices.
3. Which of the following joints allows for side-to-side bending movements?
- A. Hinge joint
- B. Ball-and-socket joint
- C. Gliding joint
- D. Saddle joint
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Gliding joint. Gliding joints allow for side-to-side bending movements. These joints are found between the small bones of the wrist and ankle, allowing for flexibility and movement in multiple directions. Hinge joints (A) enable movement in one plane, akin to a door hinge. Ball-and-socket joints (B) allow for a wide range of motion across multiple directions. Saddle joints (D) facilitate movement in two planes.
4. Which hormone, produced by the pancreas, is involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels by inhibiting the release of insulin and promoting the release of glucose into the bloodstream?
- A. Insulin
- B. Glucagon
- C. Cortisol
- D. Somatostatin
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Somatostatin. Somatostatin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels by inhibiting the release of insulin and promoting the release of glucose into the bloodstream. It acts as a counterbalance to insulin, preventing excess insulin secretion and ensuring the availability of glucose when needed. Therefore, somatostatin helps maintain blood sugar balance in the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Insulin is responsible for lowering blood sugar levels, while glucagon and cortisol have roles that differ from the functions described in the question.
5. Which hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, helps regulate the body's response to stress, including increasing blood pressure and suppressing the immune system?
- A. Aldosterone
- B. Epinephrine
- C. Cortisol
- D. Insulin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cortisol is the correct answer. It is the hormone produced by the adrenal glands that helps regulate the body's response to stress. Cortisol plays a crucial role in increasing blood pressure and suppressing the immune system during stressful situations. Aldosterone, another hormone from the adrenal glands, primarily regulates salt and water balance in the body, not the stress response. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress, but its effects are more immediate and short-lived compared to cortisol. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels and is not directly involved in the body's response to stress.
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