Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the small intestine?

• A. To store bile
• B. To absorb nutrients
• C. To digest food
• D. To produce enzymes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. Therefore, the correct function of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the gallbladder stores bile, not the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect because the digestion process primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect because while the small intestine does play a role in enzyme production, its primary function is nutrient absorption.

2. Which gland controls Calciferol?

• A. Thyroid
• B. Pituitary
• C. Parathyroid
• D. Hypothalamus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Calciferol, commonly known as Vitamin D, is regulated by the parathyroid gland, not the thyroid, pituitary, or hypothalamus. The parathyroid gland plays a crucial role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance in the body by regulating the production of calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D. This hormone helps in the absorption of calcium from the intestines and its reabsorption in the kidneys to maintain proper calcium levels in the blood. Therefore, the correct answer is the Parathyroid gland (Choice C). Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not have a direct role in controlling Calciferol.

3. What is the primary function of white blood cells?

• A. To carry oxygen
• B. To fight infections
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To clot blood

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells, also known as leukocytes, play a crucial role in the immune system by primarily fighting off infections caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and other invaders. They help the body recognize and destroy these harmful agents, contributing to the body's defense mechanisms against diseases. Choice A is incorrect because the primary function of red blood cells, not white blood cells, is to carry oxygen. Choice C is incorrect as the transportation of nutrients is mainly carried out by the bloodstream as a whole, not specifically by white blood cells. Choice D is incorrect as the process of blood clotting is primarily managed by platelets in the blood, not white blood cells.

4. Which hormone is released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?

• A. Insulin
• B. Glucagon
• C. Cortisol
• D. Somatostatin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Insulin is the hormone released by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels. Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells, helping to decrease blood glucose levels and store excess glucose for energy or future use. Glucagon, on the other hand, raises blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Cortisol and somatostatin do not directly regulate blood glucose levels in the same manner as insulin and glucagon.

5. What is the primary function of hemoglobin in the blood?

• A. Transporting oxygen
• B. Carrying nutrients
• C. Clotting blood
• D. Removing carbon dioxide

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transporting oxygen. Hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen in the blood. It binds to oxygen in the lungs forming oxyhemoglobin and carries it to tissues and organs throughout the body. Once at the destination, hemoglobin releases the oxygen for cellular respiration, providing energy for various physiological processes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as hemoglobin's primary function is not carrying nutrients, clotting blood, or removing carbon dioxide. These functions are carried out by other components in the blood such as plasma proteins, platelets, and red blood cells, respectively.

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