Nursing Elites

1. Which structure in the eye focuses light onto the retina?

• A. Cornea
• B. Lens
• C. Pupil
• D. Iris

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina. It plays a crucial role in adjusting the focus to allow for clear vision. After the light passes through the lens, it reaches the retina where it is converted into neural signals for the brain to interpret. The cornea is the transparent outer layer of the eye that helps in focusing light, but its main function is to protect the eye. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil.

2. Which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating electrolytes?

• A. The endocrine system
• B. The urinary system
• C. The lymphatic system
• D. The nervous system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The urinary system, specifically the kidneys, is primarily responsible for regulating electrolytes in the body by filtering and excreting excess electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and chloride, through urine. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance, which is essential for various bodily functions and overall health. The endocrine system regulates hormones, the lymphatic system is involved in immunity, and the nervous system controls communication in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is B, the urinary system, as it directly handles electrolyte regulation by adjusting their excretion levels.

3. What is the role of the alveoli in the lungs?

• A. To filter blood
• B. To exchange gases
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To store oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The alveoli in the lungs are tiny air sacs responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during breathing. Oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the bloodstream through the alveoli, while carbon dioxide produced by cells is removed from the blood and exhaled out of the body through the alveoli. This gas exchange process is essential for the body to obtain oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide, supporting cellular functions and maintaining overall health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the alveoli do not filter blood, transport nutrients, or store oxygen. Their main function is gas exchange.

4. What is the main function of the large intestine?

• A. Absorption of nutrients
• B. Absorption of water
• C. Secretion of digestive enzymes
• D. Breaking down fats

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the large intestine is the absorption of water and electrolytes from indigestible food residues, helping to form solid waste (feces) for elimination. It mainly reabsorbs water and compacts the remaining material into feces, playing a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine, secretion of digestive enzymes mainly occurs in the stomach and small intestine, and breaking down fats primarily occurs in the small intestine with the help of bile from the liver and enzymes.

5. What is the primary function of the immune system?

• A. To transport oxygen
• B. To fight infections
• C. To produce energy
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the immune system is to fight infections. It identifies and destroys pathogens like bacteria and viruses, protecting the body from harmful substances. While oxygen transportation is carried out by the respiratory system, energy production is mainly the role of the metabolic system, and body temperature regulation is managed by the thermoregulatory system. These functions are separate from the immune system's primary role of defending the body against infections.

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