Nursing Elites

1. Which type of passive transport uses proteins that change shape to move a target molecule through the membrane?

• A. Diffusion
• B. Carrier proteins
• C. Channel proteins
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Carrier proteins. Carrier proteins are involved in facilitated diffusion, a type of passive transport where specific target molecules are moved across the membrane with the help of proteins that change shape. These carrier proteins bind to the target molecule on one side of the membrane, undergo a conformational change, and then release the molecule on the other side. This process is crucial for the selective transport of certain molecules that cannot pass through the membrane by simple diffusion. Choices A and C are incorrect because diffusion and channel proteins do not involve proteins that change shape to transport target molecules selectively. Choice D is incorrect as carrier proteins fit the description provided in the question.

2. What happens to glucose during glycolysis?

• A. Its energy is entirely lost.
• B. It splits into molecules of pyruvic acid.
• C. It is stored in NADH.
• D. It joins with molecules of citric acid.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: During glycolysis, glucose undergoes a series of enzymatic reactions in the cytoplasm of the cell, resulting in its breakdown into two molecules of pyruvic acid. This process also generates ATP and NADH as energy carriers. Choice A is incorrect because glucose is not entirely lost, but rather converted into other molecules. Choice C is incorrect because NADH is a product of glycolysis, not a storage form for glucose. Choice D is incorrect as glucose does not join with molecules of citric acid during glycolysis, but rather in subsequent stages of cellular respiration.

3. Where is the slide typically placed on a microscope?

• A. Eyepiece
• B. Stage
• C. Focus knob
• D. Objective lens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The slide is typically placed on the stage of a microscope. The stage is the platform where the slide containing the specimen is positioned for viewing. The eyepiece is where you look through to view the specimen, the focus knob is used to sharpen the image, and the objective lens is responsible for magnification. Therefore, the correct answer is the stage.

4. Select the cell parts that are present in plant cells but not animal cells (there may be more than one answer):

• A. Cell membrane
• B. Cell wall
• C. Ribosome
• D. Chloroplast

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Plant cells have a cell wall (B) which provides structural support and protection for the cell, a feature that is not present in animal cells. The cell membrane (A) is found in both plant and animal cells. Ribosomes (C) are present in both types of cells and are responsible for protein synthesis. Chloroplasts (D) are unique to plant cells and are responsible for carrying out photosynthesis. Therefore, the correct answers are B and D because the cell wall and chloroplast are specific to plant cells, while the cell membrane and ribosomes are found in both plant and animal cells.

5. What is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Binary Fission
• D. Budding

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Mitosis. Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a cell divides and produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Choice B, Meiosis, is a type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Choice C, Binary Fission, is a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms. Choice D, Budding, is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent.

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