Nursing Elites

1. According to the law of conservation of energy, energy:

• A. Can be created or destroyed
• B. Can be created, but not destroyed
• C. Can be destroyed, but not created
• D. Cannot be created or destroyed

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Cannot be created or destroyed.' The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another. This principle is a fundamental concept in physics and is supported by numerous observations and experiments. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the law of conservation of energy. Energy is a conserved quantity, meaning its total amount remains constant over time, even though it can change forms.

2. Marilyn is driving to a wedding. She drives 4 miles south before realizing that she left the gift at home. She makes a U-turn, returns home to pick up the gift, and sets out again driving south. This time, she drives 1 mile out of her way to pick up a friend. From there, they continue 5 miles more to the wedding. Which of these statements is true about Marilyn’s trip?

• A. The displacement of her trip is 6 miles, and the distance traveled is 6 miles.
• B. The displacement of her trip is 14 miles, and the distance traveled is 14 miles.
• C. The displacement of her trip is 8 miles, and the distance traveled is 14 miles.
• D. The displacement of her trip is 6 miles, and the distance traveled is 14 miles.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Marilyn’s displacement is calculated based on her final position relative to the starting point. She drives 1 mile to pick up her friend, then 5 miles more to the wedding, totaling 6 miles after returning to her home. So, the correct displacement is 8 miles south from her starting point (4 miles to the gift + 4 miles return + 1 mile to the friend + 5 miles to the wedding). The total distance traveled is 14 miles (adding all the distances). Choice A is incorrect because it miscalculates the displacement. Choice B is incorrect as it overestimates both the displacement and distance traveled. Choice D is incorrect as it underestimates the displacement.

3. Energy manifests in various forms. Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental energy type?

• A. Thermal energy
• B. Momentum
• C. Sound energy
• D. Chemical energy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Momentum is not considered a form of energy; it is a property of moving objects. Thermal, sound, and chemical energy are all forms of energy. Thermal energy is the energy associated with the movement of particles within an object. Sound energy is produced by vibrations and travels through materials as waves. Chemical energy is stored within the bonds of chemical compounds. While momentum is a crucial concept in physics, it is not a fundamental form of energy.

4. Jon walks all the way around a rectangular park that is 1 km × 2 km. Which statement is true about Jon’s walk?

• A. The displacement of his walk is 3 kilometers, and the distance traveled is 0 kilometers.
• B. The displacement of his walk is 0 kilometers, and the distance traveled is 16 kilometers.
• C. The displacement of his walk is 6 kilometers, and the distance traveled is 0 kilometers.
• D. The displacement of his walk is 0 kilometers, and the distance traveled is 6 kilometers.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Jon walks all the way around a rectangular park that is 1 km × 2 km, which means he walks a total distance of 6 kilometers (1 km + 2 km + 1 km + 2 km = 6 km). However, the displacement of his walk is 0 kilometers because he starts and ends at the same point after completing the rectangular path around the park. Displacement refers to the change in position from the starting point to the ending point, regardless of the actual distance traveled. Choice A is incorrect because the total distance traveled by Jon is 6 kilometers, not 0 kilometers. Choice B is incorrect as the displacement is not 0 kilometers, and the distance traveled is 6 kilometers, not 16 kilometers. Choice C is incorrect because the displacement is 0 kilometers, and the distance traveled is 6 kilometers, not 0 kilometers.

5. An object with a charge of 4 μC is placed 50 cm from another object with a charge twice as great. What is the magnitude of the resulting repulsive force?

• A. 0.1152 N
• B. 1.152 N
• C. 10^−3 N
• D. 2.5 × 10^−3 N

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The force between two charges is calculated using Coulomb's Law, which states that the force is proportional to the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Given that one charge is twice as great as the other and the distance between them is 50 cm, we can calculate the repulsive force. The magnitude of the resulting repulsive force is 2.5 × 10^−3 N. Choice A is incorrect as it does not match the calculated value. Choice B is incorrect as it is significantly higher than the correct answer. Choice C is incorrect as it represents 10^−3 N, which is lower than the calculated value.

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