Nursing Elites

1. Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following?

• A. Osteoblasts
• B. Neuroglia
• C. Osteocytes
• D. Arterioles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Neuroglia are specialized connective tissue cells that provide support and protection to neurons in the nervous system. They assist in the proper functioning of neurons and are essential for maintaining the overall health of nerve tissue. Therefore, in the context of nerve tissue composition, neuroglia are the connective tissue cells associated with neurons. The other choices, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and arterioles, are not the correct types of connective tissue cells found in nerve tissue. Osteoblasts are involved in bone formation, osteocytes are mature bone cells, and arterioles are small blood vessels that supply blood to tissues.

2. Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of calcium levels in the blood?

• A. Insulin
• B. Parathyroid hormone
• C. Cortisol
• D. Melatonin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Parathyroid hormone, produced by the parathyroid glands, is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. It achieves this by increasing calcium absorption in the intestines and kidneys, thus maintaining appropriate calcium levels in the bloodstream. Insulin is involved in glucose metabolism, not calcium regulation. Cortisol is a stress hormone that affects various body functions but not calcium levels. Melatonin is responsible for regulating the sleep-wake cycle, not calcium levels.

3. What is the function of platelets in the blood?

• A. Transporting oxygen
• B. Clotting blood
• C. Fighting infection
• D. Transporting nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are responsible for clotting blood. When there is an injury, platelets help form blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding. This function is crucial in maintaining hemostasis and preventing hemorrhage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Platelets do not transport oxygen, fight infection, or transport nutrients in the blood.

4. How does a sagittal section divide the body?

• A. Into right and left regions
• B. Into upper and lower regions
• C. Into front and back regions
• D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A sagittal section divides the body into right and left regions. This type of section runs longitudinally from front to back, separating the body into right and left halves. Sagittal sections are crucial for understanding the anatomical structure and orientation of various body parts. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a sagittal section specifically divides the body into right and left portions, not upper and lower regions, front and back regions, or between the dorsal and ventral cavities.

5. Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland?

• A. Corticosteroid
• B. Oxytocin
• C. Prolactin
• D. Melatonin

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Melatonin is the hormone produced by the pineal gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and is instrumental in maintaining the body's circadian rhythm. Melatonin production is triggered by darkness and inhibited by light, aiding in signaling the body when it is time to sleep. Corticosteroid, oxytocin, and prolactin are hormones produced by other glands in the body and are not associated with the pineal gland. Therefore, they are incorrect choices for this question.

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