Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is true about skeletal muscle?

• A. Skeletal muscle makes up 40% of the body's weight.
• B. Skeletal muscle attaches to bones by tendons.
• C. Muscle contraction is not involved in temperature regulation.
• D. Skeletal muscles contract only when in use.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct statement is that skeletal muscle attaches to bones through tendons, enabling movement. Tendons connect muscles to bones and allow the force generated by muscle contraction to be transmitted to the bones, facilitating voluntary movements. Choice A is incorrect because skeletal muscle typically makes up around 40-50% of an individual's body weight, not a fixed 40%. Choice C is incorrect as muscle contraction plays a vital role in temperature regulation by generating heat. Choice D is incorrect as skeletal muscles may have constant low-level contractions even at rest, known as muscle tone.

2. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

• A. Transport oxygen to cells
• B. Remove carbon dioxide from the body
• C. Produce hormones
• D. Transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Remove carbon dioxide from the body. The primary function of the lymphatic system is to return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream and assist in the body's defense against infections by filtering out harmful pathogens and foreign particles. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because transporting oxygen to cells is mainly done by the circulatory system, hormone production is primarily carried out by endocrine glands, and nutrient transport is also a function of the circulatory system and the digestive system, not the lymphatic system.

3. Which cut is considered a cross section?

• A. A sagittal or frontal section
• B. A cut along the coronal plane
• C. A cut along the median plane
• D. A cut through the transverse plane

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: A cut through the transverse plane. A transverse plane cut, also known as a cross-section, divides the body or an organ into superior and inferior portions. This type of cut is perpendicular to the long axis of the body and is commonly used in medical imaging to display internal structures and organs in a horizontal view. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because a sagittal or frontal section (A) divides the body into left and right portions, a cut along the coronal plane (B) separates the body into anterior and posterior parts, and a cut along the median plane (C) divides the body into equal left and right halves.

4. Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?

• A. Smooth muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Skeletal muscle
• D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, allowing individuals to consciously regulate its contractions for movement. Examples of skeletal muscle control include actions like walking, running, and lifting weights. Smooth muscle (choice A) and cardiac muscle (choice B) are both involuntary muscles, meaning they are not under conscious control. While skeletal muscle is striated (choice D), striated muscle is a broader category that includes both voluntary (skeletal) and involuntary (cardiac) muscles.

5. Which hormone is released during the body's fight-or-flight response?

• A. Insulin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Cortisol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is released during the body's fight-or-flight response. This hormone prepares the body for rapid action by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to essential organs in response to stress or danger. Insulin is not released during the fight-or-flight response; its primary role is to regulate blood sugar levels. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, and cortisol is released in response to stress to regulate various bodily functions, but adrenaline is the hormone specifically associated with the fight-or-flight response.

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