Nursing Elites

1. In a U-tube manometer, a fluid is used to measure pressure differences. When one side is connected to a pressurized system, the fluid level on that side will:

• A. Remain the same
• B. Decrease
• C. Increase
• D. Depend on the type of fluid used

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a U-tube manometer, the side connected to a pressurized system will experience a decrease in fluid level due to the pressure exerted by the system. This pressure forces the fluid down, causing the fluid level to decrease. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choices A and C are incorrect because the fluid level will not remain the same or increase when connected to a pressurized system. Choice D is incorrect as the type of fluid used does not determine the direction of the fluid movement in response to pressure.

2. The triple point of a substance is the specific temperature and pressure at which all three phases (solid, liquid, and gas) can coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. Which of the following statements about the triple point is true?

• A. It can vary depending on the container size.
• B. It is a unique point for each pure substance.
• C. The pressure at the triple point can be zero for some substances.
• D. The temperature at the triple point can be above the boiling point of the liquid phase.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The triple point is a unique temperature and pressure where all three phases (solid, liquid, and gas) of a pure substance can coexist in equilibrium. It is a constant for each substance and independent of container size. Choice A is incorrect because the triple point is a fixed point regardless of the container size. Choice C is incorrect as the pressure at the triple point is specific for each substance and will not be zero unless the substance has unique properties. Choice D is incorrect since the temperature at the triple point is precisely defined and cannot be above the boiling point of the liquid phase.

3. According to the Clausius inequality, for a cyclic process involving heat transfer between a system and its surroundings at a single constant temperature (T), the following inequality must hold true:

• A. There is no relationship between heat transfer and temperature in a cyclic process.
• B. ∫ dQ/T ≥ 0
• C. ∫ Q/T = constant
• D. ∫ dQ/T ≤ 0

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Clausius inequality states that for a cyclic process involving heat transfer at a single constant temperature, the integral of heat transfer divided by temperature (∫ dQ/T) must be less than or equal to zero. This inequality reflects the irreversibility of natural processes. Choice A is incorrect as there is a direct relationship between heat transfer and temperature in the Clausius inequality. Choice B is incorrect because the integral of dQ/T must be less than or equal to zero, not greater than or equal to zero. Choice C is incorrect because the integral of Q/T is not a constant in a cyclic process involving heat transfer at a single constant temperature.

4. Why does potential energy increase as particles approach each other?

• A. Attractive forces increase.
• B. Attractive forces decrease.
• C. Repulsive forces increase.
• D. Repulsive forces decrease.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Repulsive forces increase. As particles approach each other, the distance between them decreases, causing the repulsive forces between the particles to increase. This increase in repulsive forces leads to an increase in potential energy as the particles resist being pushed closer together. Choices A and B are incorrect because attractive forces do not increase or decrease in this scenario. Choice D is incorrect because repulsive forces actually increase as particles get closer, leading to a rise in potential energy.

5. According to the law of conservation of energy, energy:

• A. Can be created or destroyed
• B. Can be created, but not destroyed
• C. Can be destroyed, but not created
• D. Cannot be created or destroyed

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Cannot be created or destroyed.' The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another. This principle is a fundamental concept in physics and is supported by numerous observations and experiments. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with the law of conservation of energy. Energy is a conserved quantity, meaning its total amount remains constant over time, even though it can change forms.

Similar Questions