Nursing Elites

1. What type of tissue forms the outer layer of the skin?

• A. Connective tissue
• B. Epithelial tissue
• C. Muscle tissue
• D. Nervous tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Epithelial tissue is the correct answer. It forms the outer layer of the skin, serving as a protective barrier against pathogens and environmental damage. This tissue type is essential for maintaining skin integrity and plays a crucial role in skin function. Connective tissue (Choice A), although important for providing support and structure, does not form the outer layer of the skin. Muscle tissue (Choice C) is responsible for movement and is not the primary tissue in the skin. Nervous tissue (Choice D) is involved in transmitting signals but is not the main component of the skin's outer layer.

2. What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

• A. To produce hormones
• B. To transport oxygen and nutrients
• C. To fight infections
• D. To regulate body temperature

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The circulatory system's primary function is to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells and remove waste products. Choice A is incorrect because hormone production is primarily carried out by endocrine glands. Choice C is incorrect as fighting infections is a role of the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by the integumentary and nervous systems.

3. Which vitamin is necessary for the absorption of calcium?

• A. Vitamin C
• B. Vitamin D
• C. Vitamin A
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer. It is essential for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, facilitating the maintenance of strong bones and teeth. Vitamin D helps regulate calcium levels in the blood and promotes bone mineralization, making it crucial for overall bone health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Vitamin C is not directly involved in calcium absorption, Vitamin A is more related to vision and immune function, and Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting and bone mineralization but is not primarily responsible for calcium absorption.

4. What is the function of white blood cells?

• A. To carry oxygen to the cells
• B. To fight infection
• C. To transport nutrients
• D. To clot blood

Correct answer: B

Rationale: White blood cells are a vital part of the immune system. Their primary function is to fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens that enter the body. They play a crucial role in protecting the body against illnesses and maintaining overall health. Choice A is incorrect because the role of carrying oxygen to cells is primarily performed by red blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the transportation of nutrients is mainly carried out by the bloodstream and specialized cells. Choice D is incorrect as the process of clotting blood is primarily mediated by platelets.

5. What is the main component of the cell membrane?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Lipids
• D. Nucleic acids

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The main component of the cell membrane is the phospholipid bilayer, which is primarily composed of lipids. Lipids form a barrier that separates the interior of the cell from the external environment, providing structural integrity and regulating the passage of substances in and out of the cell. Proteins are also essential components of the cell membrane, serving various functions such as transport, signaling, and cell recognition. Carbohydrates are present in the form of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell membrane surface, contributing to cell-cell recognition. Nucleic acids are not a primary component of the cell membrane.

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