which type of joint is found in the shoulder

HESI A2

HESI A2 Practice Test Anatomy and Physiology

1. What type of joint is found in the shoulder?

A. Ball and socket joint
B. Hinge joint
C. Saddle joint
D. Pivot joint

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is a ball and socket joint. The shoulder joint is a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wide range of motion, including rotation. This joint provides excellent flexibility and mobility, making movements like circular motions and rotations possible. A hinge joint, like the elbow, allows movement in only one plane (flexion and extension). A saddle joint, found in the thumb, allows for a wide range of motion but not as much as a ball and socket joint. A pivot joint, such as the joint between the first and second vertebrae of the neck, allows rotation only.

2. Which system does the esophagus belong to?

A. Endocrine system
B. Digestive system
C. Respiratory system
D. Nervous system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The esophagus is part of the digestive system. It is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, allowing the passage of food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion. The esophagus plays a crucial role in the process of swallowing and digestion, which are essential functions of the digestive system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the esophagus is not associated with the endocrine, respiratory, or nervous systems.

3. Which gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism?

A. Pituitary gland
B. Thyroid gland
C. Adrenal gland
D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones, such as thyroxine, that play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy production, and overall growth and development in the body. The pituitary gland, while important for hormone regulation, does not primarily regulate metabolism. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are more related to stress response than direct metabolism regulation. The pineal gland mainly produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles and not metabolism. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland.

4. How does a transverse section divide the body?

A. Into right and left regions
B. Into upper and lower regions
C. Into front and back regions
D. Between the dorsal and ventral cavities

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A transverse section, also known as a cross-section, divides the body into upper and lower regions. This type of section cuts across the body horizontally, creating a division between the superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions of the body. Choice A is incorrect as dividing the body into right and left regions is typically done by a sagittal section. Choice C is incorrect as dividing the body into front and back regions is usually achieved by a frontal section. Choice D is incorrect as it refers more to the relationship between dorsal and ventral cavities rather than the actual division of the body.

5. Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary?

A. Cardiac muscle
B. Skeletal muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is a type of voluntary muscle tissue, allowing conscious control over its movement. Unlike smooth and cardiac muscle, which are involuntary, skeletal muscle is under direct voluntary control. Cardiac muscle (choice A) is involuntary and found in the heart. Smooth muscle (choice C) is also involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs. While skeletal muscle is striated (contains stripes), choice D is not the best answer as it does not specifically address the voluntary nature of skeletal muscle.