Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of platelets?

• A. To fight infections
• B. To clot blood
• C. To carry oxygen
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of platelets, or thrombocytes, is to clot blood. Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis by forming clots to prevent excessive bleeding when injuries occur. They are not directly involved in fighting infections, carrying oxygen, or transporting nutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

2. How might vitamin D deficiency present?

• A. As bleeding gums
• B. As swollen extremities
• C. As red patches
• D. As crooked bones

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin D deficiency can present as crooked bones in children due to a condition called rickets. This is because vitamin D plays a crucial role in calcium absorption and bone health. Inadequate levels of vitamin D can lead to soft and weak bones, resulting in skeletal deformities such as bow legs or knock knees. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as bleeding gums are more commonly associated with vitamin C deficiency (scurvy), swollen extremities could be a sign of various conditions like edema, and red patches are not typically a direct manifestation of vitamin D deficiency.

3. Which organ is responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood?

• A. Lungs
• B. Heart
• C. Kidneys
• D. Liver

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Kidneys. The kidneys are the organs responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood. They remove waste products, regulate electrolyte levels, and help maintain fluid balance in the body through the production of urine. The other choices are incorrect because: A) Lungs are primarily responsible for gas exchange, not blood filtration. B) The heart is responsible for pumping blood, not filtering it. D) The liver plays a role in detoxification and metabolism, but it is not primarily responsible for filtering and cleaning the blood.

4. In the human body, the ribs are ___________ to the lungs.

• A. medial
• B. superior
• C. anterior
• D. deep

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: anterior.' The term 'anterior' refers to a position in front of or toward the front of the body. In this case, the ribs are positioned in front of the lungs when considering the anatomical position. The term 'medial' means toward the midline of the body, 'superior' means above or higher in position, and 'deep' refers to a position farther from the surface or external part. Therefore, the most appropriate choice is 'anterior' when describing the relationship between the ribs and the lungs.

5. Which part of the brain monitors and controls the body's movement?

• A. Top, middle portion of the parietal lobe
• B. Back of the head
• C. Front portion of the parietal lobe
• D. Around the auditory cortex

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the front portion of the parietal lobe. The motor cortex, located in this area, is responsible for planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements. It plays a crucial role in coordinating the body's movement. Choice A, the top, middle portion of the parietal lobe, is incorrect as this region is more involved in processing sensory information rather than controlling movement. Choice B, the back of the head, is incorrect as it typically refers to the occipital lobe responsible for processing visual information. Choice D, around the auditory cortex, is incorrect as the auditory cortex is primarily involved in processing auditory information, not controlling body movement.

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