Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone is released during the body's fight-or-flight response?

• A. Insulin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Thyroxine
• D. Cortisol

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is released during the body's fight-or-flight response. This hormone prepares the body for rapid action by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and redirecting blood flow to essential organs in response to stress or danger. Insulin is not released during the fight-or-flight response; its primary role is to regulate blood sugar levels. Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates metabolism, and cortisol is released in response to stress to regulate various bodily functions, but adrenaline is the hormone specifically associated with the fight-or-flight response.

2. Which gland is known as the 'master gland' of the body?

• A. Thyroid gland
• B. Adrenal gland
• C. Pituitary gland
• D. Pineal gland

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The pituitary gland, often referred to as the 'master gland,' controls the release of hormones from other endocrine glands in the body. It secretes various hormones that regulate many bodily functions, making it a central and vital component of the endocrine system. The thyroid gland (Choice A) regulates metabolism, the adrenal gland (Choice B) produces hormones like adrenaline, and the pineal gland (Choice D) secretes melatonin, but none of these glands are considered the 'master gland' that controls the functions of other endocrine glands.

3. Where will a person who has damage to their ulnar nerve experience decreased sensation?

• A. Leg
• B. Arm
• C. Face
• D. Abdomen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The ulnar nerve innervates the forearm and hand, specifically providing sensation to the ring and little fingers. Damage to this nerve can lead to decreased sensation in these areas, making the arm the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the ulnar nerve does not supply sensation to the leg, face, or abdomen.

4. Which vitamin is essential for the maintenance of healthy skin?

• A. Vitamin A
• B. Vitamin C
• C. Vitamin D
• D. Vitamin K

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Vitamin A is the correct answer. It is crucial for maintaining healthy skin as it supports skin cell growth, repair, and overall skin health. Additionally, vitamin A plays a role in vision and immune function. Deficiency in vitamin A can lead to skin issues such as dryness and poor wound healing. Vitamin C is known for its role in collagen synthesis and antioxidant properties, while Vitamin D is important for bone health and immunity. Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, but it is not primarily associated with skin health.

5. The coronal plane of the body may also be called the ___________ plane.

• A. sagittal
• B. median
• C. frontal
• D. axial

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: frontal. The coronal plane of the body is also known as the frontal plane. This plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections. It is perpendicular to the sagittal plane and divides the body into front and back portions. The term 'coronal' is often used in radiology and anatomy to describe this specific anatomical plane. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the sagittal plane divides the body into left and right portions, the median plane is another name for the sagittal plane, and the axial plane is a term less commonly used to describe an anatomical plane.

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