Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

• A. Carrying oxygen
• B. Carrying nutrients
• C. Carrying carbon dioxide
• D. Carrying waste products

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carrying oxygen. Hemoglobin's primary function in red blood cells is to bind with oxygen in the lungs and transport it to the body's tissues and cells. This process is crucial for cellular respiration and the overall oxygenation of the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, not nutrients, carbon dioxide, or waste products.

2. Through which organ do muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis?

• A. Mouth
• B. Small intestine
• C. Epiglottis
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Esophagus. Muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis in the esophagus. Peristalsis is a coordinated muscular contraction that helps move food from the mouth to the stomach through the esophagus. The rhythmic contractions of the esophageal muscles create a wave-like motion that propels food downward toward the stomach for digestion. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the mouth is where digestion begins but does not push food into the stomach, the small intestine is mainly responsible for absorbing nutrients, and the epiglottis is a flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing, not involved in pushing food into the stomach.

3. What is true about caloric intake for the average person?

• A. It should increase with age.
• B. It should decline and then increase with age.
• C. It should decline with age.
• D. It should remain constant over a lifetime.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Caloric intake for the average person typically declines with age due to factors such as changes in metabolism, muscle mass, and physical activity levels. As people age, their metabolism tends to slow down, and they may also experience a decrease in muscle mass and physical activity, leading to a reduced need for calories. Option A is incorrect because caloric intake generally decreases rather than increases with age. Option B is incorrect as it suggests a fluctuation in caloric intake that is not typically seen. Option D is incorrect as caloric needs usually change over a person's lifetime due to various factors.

4. Which part of the eye is responsible for color vision?

• A. Cornea
• B. Iris
• C. Retina
• D. Lens

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is option C: Retina. The retina contains photoreceptor cells, including cones that are responsible for color vision. Cones are sensitive to different wavelengths of light, allowing us to perceive and differentiate various colors. Choice A, Cornea, is the transparent outer layer of the eye that helps focus light. It does not play a direct role in color vision. Choice B, Iris, is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye. While it is essential for adjusting light levels, it is not directly involved in color vision. Choice D, Lens, is responsible for focusing light onto the retina. It helps to form clear images on the retina but does not play a role in color vision.

5. Which structure in the kidney is responsible for filtering blood?

• A. Glomerulus
• B. Bowman's capsule
• C. Loop of Henle
• D. Collecting duct

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The glomerulus is the correct answer. It is a vital structure in the kidney responsible for filtering blood. The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters waste products and excess substances from the blood to form urine. While the Bowman's capsule, Loop of Henle, and Collecting duct are also essential components of the nephron, the primary site of blood filtration occurs at the glomerulus. The Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtered fluid, the Loop of Henle reabsorbs water and important ions, and the Collecting duct further concentrates the urine, but none of these structures are primarily responsible for filtering blood as the glomerulus is.

Similar Questions