Nursing Elites

1. Which organelle organizes protein synthesis?

• A. mitochondrion
• B. nucleus
• C. ribosome
• D. vacuole

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ribosomes are the organelles responsible for organizing protein synthesis. They are the protein factories of the cell, where amino acids are linked together to form proteins. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for energy production. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material but does not directly organize protein synthesis. Vacuoles are responsible for storage and maintaining the cell's turgidity.

2. Which system maintains the body's balance through the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream?

• A. The gastrointestinal system
• B. The endocrine system
• C. The digestive system
• D. The endocrine system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The endocrine system. The endocrine system maintains the body's balance through the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones produced by glands in the endocrine system regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by releasing hormones that help control and coordinate different processes in the body. Choices A, C, and B are incorrect. The gastrointestinal system is responsible for digestion, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste; the digestive system includes the gastrointestinal system and other accessory organs; and choice B is a duplicate of the correct answer.

3. What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?

• A. Break down cellular waste
• B. Organize cellular division
• C. Synthesize proteins
• D. Provide cellular structure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Synthesize proteins. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis by linking amino acids together. Choice A is incorrect because ribosomes do not break down cellular waste. Choice B is incorrect as ribosomes do not organize cellular division. Choice D is incorrect because ribosomes do not provide cellular structure.

4. The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in an organism is:

• A. product
• B. respiration
• C. metabolism
• D. synthesis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within an organism to maintain life. It involves all the processes that break down molecules to release energy (catabolism) and build new molecules to support growth and maintenance (anabolism). Respiration refers specifically to the process of generating energy from the breakdown of glucose molecules. Synthesis is the creation of complex molecules from simpler ones. Therefore, metabolism is the most comprehensive term that encompasses all these processes within an organism.

5. Which of the following statements about the respiratory system is true?

• A. The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing
• B. Organs included in the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
• C. The respiratory system conveys oxygen into our bodies and removes carbon dioxide from our bodies
• D. All of the Above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The respiratory system consists of all the organs involved in breathing, including the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Additionally, the respiratory system is responsible for conveying oxygen into our bodies and removing carbon dioxide from our bodies. Therefore, all the statements provided are true, making option D the correct choice. Options A, B, and C are all accurate statements about the respiratory system, reinforcing the correctness of choosing option D.

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