Nursing Elites

1. What is the meaning of the word 'established' as used in the first paragraph?

• A. Created
• B. Ascertained
• C. Founded
• D. Reputable

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In this context, 'established' means 'founded' or set up for a long time. The word is used to indicate that phototherapy has been a recognized and in place form of medicine for over a century. 'Created' (choice A) is incorrect as it implies the initial invention of phototherapy, which is not the intended meaning here. 'Ascertained' (choice B) means to find out for certain, which does not match the context of how phototherapy has been practiced. 'Reputable' (choice D) means having a good reputation, which is not the same as being long-standing or founded.

2. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this essay about microbes?

• A. To persuade
• B. To inform
• C. To entertain
• D. To analyze

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The author's primary purpose is to inform readers about the crucial role of microorganisms in the immune system. The essay focuses on presenting factual information and recent discoveries regarding the impact of microbes on human health. The author aims to educate the readers on the significance of microbes in human health rather than persuade them of a particular viewpoint (Choice A), entertain them with light-hearted content (Choice C), or analyze in-depth data and findings (Choice D). The essay's emphasis on informing readers about the role of microorganisms in the immune system makes 'To inform' the correct choice.

3. What is the meaning of the word compelling as used in the passage about Sunny-Side Up?

• A. Reasonable.
• B. Convincing.
• C. Common.
• D. Worthwhile.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In this context, "compelling" refers to something that is convincing or persuasive. The passage presents a strong argument in favor of sunlight's benefits, particularly in relation to vitamin D synthesis. Therefore, B is the correct choice as it aligns with the author's intent to present a convincing argument.

4. Why did the author write this passage?

• A. To explain insomnia and propose some solutions for the condition.
• B. To encourage people to avoid sleep.
• C. To criticize people who have sleep problems.
• D. To promote the use of sleep medication.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The author wrote the passage to explain insomnia and suggest ways to deal with it. The passage provides information about insomnia, its impact on daily life, and offers solutions like sleep hygiene and non-pharmacological therapies. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the passage does not encourage avoiding sleep, criticize people with sleep problems, or promote the use of sleep medication. Instead, it focuses on understanding and addressing insomnia.

5. Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage?

• A. Changes in the ECG are typically used for the diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm.
• B. The signal has a characteristic record called the electrocardiogram.
• C. The 'wave of excitation' starts at the SA node.
• D. The 'wave of excitation' spreads through the heart wall and is accompanied by electric changes.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The corrected statement should be: Changes in the ECG are not typically used for the diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm. The passage mentions that the heart sends out electric currents in waves, and the 'wave of excitation' spreads through the heart wall accompanied by electric changes. It details the process of how the heart's electric impulses are recorded and how abnormalities can be detected. However, it does not state that ECG changes are specifically used for diagnosing abnormal cardiac rhythms. Choice A is the correct answer because it misrepresents the information provided in the passage. Choices B, C, and D are all supported by the passage and align with the details mentioned regarding the electrocardiogram and the wave of excitation in the heart.

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