Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the stomach in the digestive system?

• A. To absorb nutrients
• B. To break down food
• C. To produce bile
• D. To store waste

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To break down food.' The stomach plays a crucial role in the digestive system by breaking down food using gastric acid and digestive enzymes. This process transforms the food into a semi-liquid mixture known as chyme, which is further digested in the small intestine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the stomach does not primarily absorb nutrients, produce bile, or store waste. These functions are carried out by other organs in the digestive system such as the small intestine, liver, and large intestine, respectively.

2. What is the primary function of the large intestine?

• A. To absorb water and form solid waste
• B. To produce digestive enzymes
• C. To secrete hormones
• D. To transport nutrients

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter and form solid waste (feces) for excretion. This process helps in reabsorbing water and electrolytes, resulting in the formation of feces by compacting the waste material. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the large intestine is not responsible for producing digestive enzymes, secreting hormones, or transporting nutrients. These functions are typically associated with other parts of the digestive system.

3. What is the primary function of the pancreas in digestion?

• A. To absorb nutrients
• B. To secrete digestive enzymes
• C. To produce bile
• D. To store glucose

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion by secreting digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine. These enzymes help in the process of breaking down food particles into smaller molecules that can be easily absorbed by the body for nutrients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the primary function of the pancreas is not to absorb nutrients, produce bile, or store glucose in digestion.

4. Where do nearly all of the gaseous exchanges between air and blood take place in the lungs?

• A. Pleura
• B. Trachea
• C. Bronchioles
• D. Alveoli

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Nearly all gaseous exchanges between air and blood take place in the alveoli of the lungs. The walls of the alveoli are thin and surrounded by an extensive network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries. Oxygen from the air diffuses through the alveoli walls and into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide, a waste product, diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled out of the body. This process is essential for respiration and providing oxygen to the body's cells. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Pleura is the membrane surrounding the lungs, trachea is the windpipe that carries air to the lungs, and bronchioles are the smaller air passages in the lungs. However, the primary site for gaseous exchange is the alveoli due to their structure and function.

5. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs?

• A. Skeletal muscle
• B. Cardiac muscle
• C. Smooth muscle
• D. Striated muscle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Smooth muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the intestines, blood vessels, and bladder. It contracts involuntarily, allowing for movements like peristalsis in the intestines and regulation of blood flow in blood vessels. Skeletal muscle (Choice A) is attached to bones and helps in voluntary movements. Cardiac muscle (Choice B) is found in the heart and contracts involuntarily to pump blood. Striated muscle (Choice D) refers to both skeletal and cardiac muscles, which have a striped appearance due to the organization of their filaments. However, smooth muscle (Choice C) is specifically the type found in hollow organs.

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