Nursing Elites

1. What condition might result from a lack of vitamin C?

• A. Kwashiorkor
• B. Pellagra
• C. Rickets
• D. Scurvy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Scurvy is the correct answer. Scurvy is a condition caused by a deficiency of vitamin C in the diet. Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis, and its deficiency leads to symptoms such as weakness, swollen and bleeding gums, joint pain, fatigue, and easy bruising. If left untreated, scurvy can lead to more severe complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Kwashiorkor is a severe form of malnutrition due to insufficient protein intake, pellagra is caused by a deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3), and rickets results from a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.

2. Which organ system is primarily responsible for maintaining temperature control?

• A. The skeletal system
• B. The digestive system
• C. The nervous system
• D. The integumentary system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, is primarily responsible for maintaining temperature control in the body. The skin helps regulate body temperature through processes like sweating to cool down and shivering to generate heat. Additionally, blood vessels in the skin can dilate or constrict to control the amount of heat lost or retained by the body. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and keeping the body at a stable temperature. The skeletal system (Choice A) provides structural support and protection to the body but is not directly involved in temperature regulation. The digestive system (Choice B) is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, not for regulating body temperature. The nervous system (Choice C) controls body functions through electrical impulses but is not the primary system responsible for temperature control.

3. What is the function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

• A. To fight infections
• B. To transport oxygen
• C. To carry carbon dioxide
• D. To store oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To transport oxygen.' Hemoglobin in red blood cells plays a crucial role in transporting oxygen. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and carries it to the body's tissues and organs for cellular respiration. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin's primary function is to bind and transport oxygen, not to fight infections, carry carbon dioxide, or store oxygen.

4. Which of the following structures is part of both the male reproductive system and the urinary system?

• A. Bladder
• B. Urethra
• C. Prostate
• D. Seminal Vesicle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The urethra is the correct answer as it is a structure shared by both the male reproductive and urinary systems. It functions as a conduit for both urine from the bladder and semen from the reproductive system, making it a crucial component of both systems. The bladder (Choice A) is solely part of the urinary system, storing urine. The prostate (Choice C) and seminal vesicle (Choice D) are structures specific to the male reproductive system, involved in producing and secreting components of semen.

5. What is the function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

• A. To filter blood and remove waste
• B. To produce red blood cells
• C. To regulate blood pressure
• D. To absorb water

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To filter blood and remove waste.' The kidneys play a crucial role in the urinary system by filtering blood to remove waste products and excess fluids, which are then excreted as urine. This process helps maintain the body's internal balance by regulating electrolyte levels and controlling blood pressure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the kidneys do not produce red blood cells (bone marrow does), regulate blood pressure directly (although they indirectly influence it through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system), or absorb water (they regulate water balance but do not absorb water).

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