Nursing Elites

1. Which organ in the digestive system absorbs nutrients?

• A. Stomach
• B. Small intestine
• C. Large intestine
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in absorbing digested food into the bloodstream, where the nutrients are then circulated to the body's cells for energy and other functions. The stomach primarily breaks down food through the action of acids and enzymes, while the large intestine absorbs water and salts, not nutrients. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and does not participate in nutrient absorption.

2. What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

• A. To transport oxygen and nutrients
• B. To regulate body temperature
• C. To remove waste products
• D. To produce hormones

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'To transport oxygen and nutrients.' The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to transport oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells throughout the body and remove waste products. Choice B is incorrect because regulating body temperature is primarily the function of the body's thermoregulatory system, including sweat glands and blood vessels near the skin surface. Choice C is incorrect because while the cardiovascular system does help remove waste products through circulation, it is not its primary function. Choice D is incorrect as hormone production is mainly carried out by endocrine glands, not the cardiovascular system.

3. What are muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system known as?

• A. defecation
• B. osmosis
• C. peristalsis
• D. circulation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Muscle contractions that move food along the human digestive system are known as peristalsis. Peristalsis consists of a series of coordinated muscular contractions and relaxations that help propel food through the esophagus, stomach, and intestines, facilitating efficient digestion and nutrient absorption. Defecation refers to expelling waste from the body, osmosis is the movement of water across a membrane, and circulation relates to the movement of blood in the body's circulatory system, not directly involved in food transportation along the digestive tract.

4. What is the function of the small intestine?

• A. To store bile
• B. To absorb nutrients
• C. To digest food
• D. To produce enzymes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. Therefore, the correct function of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the gallbladder stores bile, not the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect because the digestion process primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect because while the small intestine does play a role in enzyme production, its primary function is nutrient absorption.

5. Which type of muscles are involved in peristalsis?

• A. Smooth muscles
• B. Cardiac muscles
• C. Skeletal muscles
• D. Epaxial muscles

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Peristalsis is a coordinated, wave-like muscular contraction that propels food and other materials through the digestive tract. Smooth muscles are responsible for this movement in the gastrointestinal tract, providing the involuntary contractions needed for peristalsis to occur. Skeletal muscles, cardiac muscles, and epaxial muscles are not directly involved in peristalsis. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are responsible for its contraction. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and control voluntary movements. Epaxial muscles are located along the vertebral column and are involved in the movement and stabilization of the spine.

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