Nursing Elites

1. To which system do the retinas belong?

• A. skeletal system
• B. nervous system
• C. lymphatic system
• D. circulatory system

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The retinas belong to the nervous system. The retina is a layer of tissue at the back of the eye responsible for detecting light and sending visual information to the brain through the optic nerve. This process is essential for vision, which is controlled by the nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the retinas have no association with the skeletal, lymphatic, or circulatory systems.

2. Which of the heart's four chambers is the largest and the strongest?

• A. Left ventricle
• B. Left atrium
• C. Right ventricle
• D. Right atrium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the left ventricle. The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart. It pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body, making it a vital component of the circulatory system. The left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

3. Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract?

• A. Pharynx
• B. Larynx
• C. Trachea
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The pharynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract. It serves as a common pathway for both air and food, playing a crucial role in directing air to the trachea and food to the esophagus. The larynx, trachea, and esophagus are important structures in the respiratory and digestive systems, but the pharynx specifically belongs to the upper respiratory tract, making it the correct answer.

4. How do the digestive system and urinary system work together?

• A. The digestive system controls the function of the ureter.
• B. The urinary system removes toxins from the products of digestion.
• C. The digestive system manufactures hormones that influence urination.
• D. The urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the urinary system eliminates some waste products of digestion. After digestion in the digestive system, nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream, and waste products are transported to the kidneys via the urinary system to be excreted as urine. This process helps eliminate waste products generated during digestion, illustrating the coordination between the digestive and urinary systems. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect as the ureter is part of the urinary system, not controlled by the digestive system. Choice B is incorrect as the urinary system primarily removes metabolic waste, not toxins from digestion. Choice C is incorrect because the digestive system mainly aids in digestion and nutrient absorption, not hormone production affecting urination.

5. What is the main function of the skeletal system?

• A. To produce red blood cells
• B. To protect internal organs and provide support
• C. To regulate body temperature
• D. To store calcium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the skeletal system is to provide structural support, protect internal organs, enable movement, and maintain the body's form. Choice A, 'To produce red blood cells,' is incorrect as the skeletal system's role in blood cell production is through the bone marrow, not its main function. Choice C, 'To regulate body temperature,' is incorrect as the skeletal system is not primarily responsible for regulating body temperature. Choice D, 'To store calcium,' is partially correct as the skeletal system does store calcium but this is not its main function; instead, it is essential for bone strength and muscle function.

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