Nursing Elites

1. In fluid machinery, pumps are designed to primarily increase the fluid's:

• A. Pressure
• B. Velocity only
• C. Both pressure and velocity
• D. Neither pressure nor velocity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pumps in fluid machinery are designed to primarily increase the fluid's pressure. This increase in pressure allows the fluid to flow through the system efficiently and overcome resistance. While pumps can also impact the velocity of the fluid to some extent, their main function is to elevate the pressure to facilitate the movement of the fluid within the system. Choice B is incorrect because pumps do not focus solely on increasing velocity. Choice C is incorrect as while pumps can affect velocity, their primary purpose is to boost pressure. Choice D is incorrect as pumps aim to increase either the pressure, velocity, or both.

2. What does Coulomb’s law relate to?

• A. electrostatic interaction
• B. rigid body motion
• C. heat conduction
• D. universal gravitation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Coulomb's law is a fundamental principle in physics that deals with the electrostatic interaction between charged particles. It states that the force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This law is crucial in understanding and predicting the behavior of electrically charged objects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Coulomb's law specifically focuses on electrostatic interactions between charges, not rigid body motion, heat conduction, or universal gravitation.

3. The operating principle of a metal detector relies on:

• A. The static presence of a permanent magnet
• B. The electromotive force induced by a changing magnetic field
• C. The high electrical conductivity of most metals
• D. The unique thermal signature of metallic objects

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Metal detectors work based on the principle of electromotive force induced by a changing magnetic field. When a metal object comes into contact with the detector's magnetic field, it disrupts the field, inducing a current in the metal that can be detected. This principle allows metal detectors to identify the presence of metallic objects without relying on the static presence of a permanent magnet, the high electrical conductivity of metals, or the thermal signature of the objects. Choice A is incorrect because metal detectors do not rely on a static magnet but on the interaction of metals with a changing magnetic field. Choice C is incorrect because while metals do have high electrical conductivity, this is not the principle underlying metal detectors. Choice D is incorrect because metal detectors do not operate based on the thermal signature of objects, but rather on their interaction with magnetic fields.

4. In an electrically neutral atom, the number of:

• A. Electrons is equal to protons
• B. Protons is equal to neutrons
• C. Neutrons are always greater than protons
• D. Electrons are always less than protons

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In an electrically neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. Electrons carry a negative charge, protons carry a positive charge, and neutrons are neutral. Since the atom is electrically neutral, the positive charge of the protons must balance the negative charge of the electrons, making the numbers of electrons and protons equal. Choice B is incorrect because protons are not equal to neutrons in an atom. Choice C is incorrect because neutrons are not always greater than protons, and choice D is incorrect because electrons are not always less than protons in an atom.

5. Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that a changing magnetic field in a conductor induces a/an:

• A. Increase in resistance
• B. Electromotive force
• C. Static electric charge
• D. Decrease in capacitance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force in a conductor. This electromotive force is responsible for generating electricity in power plants and various electrical devices. The induced current is a result of the changing magnetic field, not an increase in resistance (choice A), static electric charge (choice C), or a decrease in capacitance (choice D). Hence, the correct answer is B.

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