Nursing Elites

1. How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury?

• A. By limiting hyperflexion of the neck
• B. By limiting hyperextension of the neck
• C. By reducing vertebral compression
• D. By preventing disc degeneration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The headrest on a car is designed to prevent traumatic injury by limiting hyperextension of the neck during a rear-end collision. This helps reduce the risk of whiplash and other neck injuries that may occur when the head is forcefully thrown backward. Choice A is incorrect because hyperflexion is not the primary concern in rear-end collisions. Choice C is incorrect as the headrest does not directly reduce vertebral compression. Choice D is incorrect because the headrest is not directly involved in preventing disc degeneration.

2. Which gland is located on top of the kidneys?

• A. Adrenal gland
• B. Thyroid gland
• C. Pineal gland
• D. Pancreas

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Adrenal gland. The adrenal glands are located on top of the kidneys. They produce hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, which play essential roles in regulating metabolism, immune response, and stress in the body. The Thyroid gland, Pineal gland, and Pancreas are not located on top of the kidneys. The Thyroid gland is located in the neck, the Pineal gland in the brain, and the Pancreas behind the stomach.

3. Which mineral is considered an antioxidant?

• A. Selenium
• B. Calcium
• C. Sulfur
• D. Iron

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Selenium is the correct answer. It is considered an antioxidant mineral that plays a crucial role in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. Selenium is an essential component of the body's antioxidant defense system, promoting overall health and well-being. Calcium (Choice B), Sulfur (Choice C), and Iron (Choice D) are not typically classified as antioxidant minerals. While these minerals have other important functions in the body, they do not primarily act as antioxidants like selenium.

4. What is the primary function of the liver?

• A. Detoxifying harmful substances
• B. Producing bile
• C. Producing insulin
• D. Storing glycogen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the liver is to detoxify harmful substances in the blood. While the liver also produces bile, which aids in digestion, stores glycogen for energy storage, and participates in metabolism, its main and essential function is detoxification. Producing insulin is mainly attributed to the pancreas, not the liver.

5. What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

• A. To secrete digestive enzymes
• B. To store bile
• C. To absorb nutrients
• D. To transport glucose

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: To secrete digestive enzymes. The pancreas is responsible for secreting digestive enzymes that aid in breaking down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the small intestine, facilitating the process of digestion. Choice B is incorrect because the pancreas does not store bile; that is primarily the function of the gallbladder. Choice C is incorrect as the absorption of nutrients mainly occurs in the small intestine, not the pancreas. Choice D is incorrect as the transport of glucose is primarily regulated by insulin produced in the pancreas, but this is not the main role of the pancreas in digestion.

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