Nursing Elites

1. What is the main function of the nervous system?

• A. To fight infection
• B. To control body movement and coordination
• C. To regulate metabolism
• D. To transport oxygen

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The main function of the nervous system is to control body movement and coordination by transmitting signals between different parts of the body. Choice A is incorrect because the immune system, not the nervous system, is primarily responsible for fighting infections. Choice C is incorrect as regulating metabolism is primarily handled by the endocrine system. Choice D is incorrect because the transportation of oxygen is mainly the function of the circulatory system, specifically the blood.

2. Based on the following evidence, what is the most likely reason that spoiled food left out in the open often contains fly larvae?

• A. The spoiled food evolves into fly larvae.
• B. Since the food is left out in the open, flies lay eggs in the food.
• C. Fly larvae are spontaneously generated by the spoiled food.
• D. People only imagine they see fly larvae in the spoiled food.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Flies laying eggs in the food when it is left exposed to the air is a common occurrence and a logical explanation for the presence of fly larvae in spoiled food. Choice A is incorrect as food cannot evolve into fly larvae; fly larvae come from eggs laid by flies. Choice C is incorrect as fly larvae do not spontaneously generate from spoiled food but rather develop from eggs laid by flies. Choice D is incorrect as the presence of fly larvae in spoiled food is a real phenomenon, not merely imagined by people.

3. Which property remains constant despite possible changes to the element?

• A. Atomic number
• B. Number of electrons
• C. Atomic mass
• D. Isotopic form

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Atomic number' (A). The atomic number of an element remains constant as it defines the number of protons in the nucleus, which does not change despite various chemical reactions or physical processes affecting the element. The number of protons in the nucleus determines the identity of the element, and this fundamental property remains unchanged even if the element undergoes chemical reactions, forms ions, or changes its physical state. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the number of electrons (B) can change in chemical reactions, atomic mass (C) can vary with isotopes, and isotopic form (D) refers to variations in the number of neutrons in the nucleus, which can result in different isotopes of an element.

4. What is the main component of bile, a substance that aids in fat digestion?

• A. Proteins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Bile salts
• D. Vitamins

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Bile salts are the main component of bile that aid in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Bile salts help emulsify fats, breaking them down into smaller droplets that can be more easily digested by enzymes. Proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins are not the main components of bile and do not play a significant role in fat digestion. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Bile salts.' Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not the main components of bile and do not contribute to fat digestion.

5. T cells in the immune system can be categorized into different types. What type of T cell directly kills infected body cells?

• A. Helper T cells
• B. Cytotoxic T cells
• C. Regulatory T cells
• D. Memory T cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cytotoxic T cells directly kill infected body cells by recognizing specific antigens on the surface of infected cells and releasing cytotoxic substances to induce cell death, eliminating the infected cells. Helper T cells assist in coordinating the immune response, regulatory T cells help maintain immune tolerance, and memory T cells mount a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to a previously encountered antigen. Therefore, the correct answer is cytotoxic T cells as they play a crucial role in directly targeting and destroying infected cells.

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