caudal refers to which part of the human torso
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HESI A2

Vocabulary for HESI A2

1. Caudal refers to which part of the human torso?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Caudal refers to the bottom part of the torso. In anatomical terms, 'caudal' means situated near or toward the tail or the hind part of the body. This term is commonly used in anatomy to describe structures closer to the feet or lower part of the body. Therefore, 'Bottom' is the correct answer as it best represents the caudal region. Choices 'Top,' 'Middle,' and 'Front' do not accurately describe the caudal aspect of the human torso.

2. To which part of the human body does 'superior' refer?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In human anatomy, the term 'superior' refers to a position or structure that is closer to the top of the body or situated above another structure in relation to the standard anatomical position. This means that choice A, 'Top,' is the correct answer as it accurately reflects the anatomical meaning of 'superior.' Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they refer to different anatomical directions that are not synonymous with 'superior.' 'Bottom' (choice B) refers to 'inferior,' 'Front' (choice C) relates to 'anterior,' and 'Back' (choice D) corresponds to 'posterior.'

3. What is Diffusion?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Diffusion is the process where substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This movement occurs due to the random motion of particles and continues until equilibrium is reached. Choice A is incorrect because diffusion occurs down the concentration gradient, from high to low concentration, not from low to high concentration. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to the uptake of substances by cells, not the general process of diffusion. Choice D is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the process of diffusion; diffusion involves the movement of substances, not the breaking of materials.

4. The hospital accepts a certain quota of INDIGENT patients. What does indigent mean?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Indigent means impoverished or in need of financial assistance. In the context of the question, the hospital is willing to treat patients who are unable to afford medical care, indicating that indigent refers to those who are impoverished or lacking financial resources. Choice A, 'Wealthy,' is incorrect as indigent is the opposite of wealthy. Choice C, 'Educated,' is incorrect as being indigent is related to financial status, not education. Choice D, 'Healthy,' is incorrect as indigent does not refer to one's health status but rather their financial situation.

5. What is Hydration?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hydration refers to the maintenance of body fluids. Choice A is incorrect as it describes the opposite process, dehydration. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on the result of inadequate hydration rather than the concept itself. Choice D is incorrect as it does not accurately define hydration but rather implies removing fluids.

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