HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. What should be monitored in a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)?
- A. Blood glucose levels
- B. Electrolyte balance
- C. Urine output
- D. Hemoglobin levels
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), monitoring electrolyte balance is crucial. CAH can lead to adrenal insufficiency, causing imbalances in electrolytes such as sodium and potassium. Monitoring electrolyte levels helps in preventing complications like dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and adrenal crisis. While blood glucose levels may need monitoring in other conditions like diabetes, it is not the primary concern in CAH. Urine output is important in assessing kidney function but is not a direct monitoring parameter for CAH. Hemoglobin levels are more relevant in conditions such as anemia, not specifically in CAH.
2. What is a common treatment for a child with moderate to severe eczema?
- A. Topical corticosteroids
- B. Oral antibiotics
- C. Frequent saline irrigation
- D. High-calcium diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Topical corticosteroids are the correct answer for a child with moderate to severe eczema. These medications are commonly used to reduce inflammation and itching associated with eczema. Oral antibiotics (Choice B) are not typically used in eczema treatment unless there is a secondary bacterial infection. Frequent saline irrigation (Choice C) may aid in wound care but is not a primary treatment for eczema. A high-calcium diet (Choice D) is not a standard treatment for eczema and does not target the underlying inflammatory process that causes eczema symptoms.
3. The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia ask why their child experiences pain. What is the most likely cause?
- A. Inflammation of the vessels
- B. Obstructed blood flow
- C. Overhydration
- D. Stress-related headaches
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In sickle cell anemia, pain is primarily caused by the obstruction of blood flow by sickle-shaped cells. This obstruction leads to inadequate oxygen supply to tissues, resulting in tissue damage and pain. Choice A, inflammation of the vessels, is incorrect as it is not the primary cause of pain in sickle cell anemia. Choice C, overhydration, is unrelated to the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia and would not lead to the characteristic pain experienced. Choice D, stress-related headaches, is also unrelated to the underlying mechanisms of pain in sickle cell anemia.
4. Which nutrient is an organic compound?
- A. salt
- B. water
- C. calcium
- D. vitamin C
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin C is the correct answer because it is an organic compound containing carbon, which is a defining characteristic of organic compounds. Salt (choice A), water (choice B), and calcium (choice C) are inorganic compounds that do not contain carbon. Inorganic compounds are typically lacking carbon-hydrogen bonds, unlike organic compounds. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of being organic compounds.
5. How should a child with a newly diagnosed seizure disorder be managed?
- A. Avoid all physical activity
- B. Monitor for triggers and ensure safety
- C. Increase dietary sodium intake
- D. Restrict all forms of social interaction
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When managing a child with a newly diagnosed seizure disorder, it is essential to monitor for triggers and ensure safety. By identifying triggers such as lack of sleep, stress, or specific foods, healthcare professionals can help prevent seizures. Ensuring safety involves creating a safe environment to prevent injuries during a seizure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding all physical activity can be detrimental as appropriate exercise is essential for overall health. Increasing dietary sodium intake is not a standard recommendation for managing seizures. Restricting all forms of social interaction is unnecessary and can have negative effects on the child's emotional well-being.
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