HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. What does the term 'essential nutrient' refer to?
- A. A nutrient that can be synthesized by the body.
- B. A nutrient that is required for proper body functioning.
- C. A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce it.
- D. A nutrient that can be stored in the body for long periods.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. An essential nutrient is a substance that is necessary for normal body functioning but cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body, therefore it must be obtained from the diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because essential nutrients are not synthesized by the body, they are necessary for body functioning, and they are not typically stored in the body for long periods.
2. What is the primary reason influencing most people's food choices?
- A. cost
- B. taste
- C. convenience
- D. nutritional value
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary reason most people choose the foods they eat is taste. While cost, convenience, and nutritional value also play a role in food choices, taste often takes precedence as people are more likely to select foods that they find appealing in flavor. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect as taste is the chief factor influencing food choices.
3. What is a causative factor of Hirschsprung disease?
- A. Frequent evacuation of solids, liquids, and gases
- B. Excessive peristaltic movement
- C. Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon
- D. One portion of the bowel telescoping into another
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon. Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of nerve cells (ganglia) in parts of the colon. This absence leads to a lack of peristalsis in the affected segment, resulting in severe constipation and bowel obstruction. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A describes symptoms of diarrhea rather than a causative factor of Hirschsprung disease. Excessive peristaltic movement (choice B) is not a causative factor but rather the opposite, as Hirschsprung disease is associated with reduced peristalsis. Choice D, which refers to intussusception, is a different condition unrelated to Hirschsprung disease.
4. Approximately how many grams does a normal half-cup vegetable portion weigh?
- A. 5 grams
- B. 50 grams
- C. 100 grams
- D. 150 grams
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A normal half-cup vegetable portion usually weighs around 100 grams. This weight is a standard measurement for a half-cup serving of vegetables, making choice C the correct answer. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the typical weight of a half-cup vegetable portion.
5. How should pain be assessed in a nonverbal child?
- A. Ask the parents about the child’s usual behavior
- B. Observe the child’s facial expressions and body movements
- C. Measure the child’s blood pressure
- D. Use a pain rating scale for older children
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Observing the nonverbal child's facial expressions and body movements is crucial in assessing pain. Nonverbal children may not be able to communicate their discomfort verbally, making it essential to rely on physical cues. Asking parents about the child's usual behavior (choice A) may provide some insight but observing the child directly is more direct and reliable. Measuring blood pressure (choice C) is not typically a direct method for assessing pain in nonverbal children. Using a pain rating scale designed for older children (choice D) is also inappropriate for nonverbal children who cannot participate in such self-reporting tools.
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