HESI LPN
HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam
1. If a group of people consumes an amount of protein equal to the estimated average requirement for their population group, what percentage of people will receive insufficient amounts?
- A. 10
- B. 25
- C. 33
- D. 50
Correct answer: D
Rationale: If a group consumes an amount of protein equal to the estimated average requirement, 50% of the people will receive insufficient amounts. The estimated average requirement is the amount of a nutrient that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. Therefore, 50% of the group will not be meeting their individual needs if they are consuming only the average requirement. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because at the estimated average requirement level, a higher percentage than those values will receive insufficient amounts.
2. What is a common sign of an allergic reaction in children?
- A. Persistent cough
- B. Skin rash or hives
- C. Increased appetite
- D. Low-grade fever
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Skin rash or hives are common signs of an allergic reaction in children, often following exposure to allergens. While a persistent cough can occur in some cases, it is not typically a primary sign of an allergic reaction. Increased appetite is unrelated to allergic reactions. A low-grade fever is not a common sign of an allergic reaction but can be present in other conditions like infections.
3. The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia ask why their child experiences pain. What is the most likely cause?
- A. Inflammation of the vessels
- B. Obstructed blood flow
- C. Overhydration
- D. Stress-related headaches
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In sickle cell anemia, pain is primarily caused by the obstruction of blood flow by sickle-shaped cells. This obstruction leads to inadequate oxygen supply to tissues, resulting in tissue damage and pain. Choice A, inflammation of the vessels, is incorrect as it is not the primary cause of pain in sickle cell anemia. Choice C, overhydration, is unrelated to the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia and would not lead to the characteristic pain experienced. Choice D, stress-related headaches, is also unrelated to the underlying mechanisms of pain in sickle cell anemia.
4. How should a healthcare provider manage a child with newly diagnosed congenital hypothyroidism?
- A. Monitor for signs of hyperactivity
- B. Ensure regular thyroid hormone replacement therapy
- C. Encourage a high-calcium diet
- D. Increase physical exercise
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: Ensuring regular thyroid hormone replacement therapy is crucial for managing congenital hypothyroidism in children. This therapy supports normal growth and development by replacing the deficient thyroid hormones. Monitoring for signs of hyperactivity (Choice A) is not the primary management for congenital hypothyroidism; rather, the focus should be on addressing the hormone deficiency. Encouraging a high-calcium diet (Choice C) may not directly address the thyroid hormone deficiency characteristic of congenital hypothyroidism. Increasing physical exercise (Choice D) is not the mainstay treatment for this condition; hormone replacement therapy is the cornerstone of management.
5. Following diarrhea, which foods should be offered to the school-age child?
- A. Apricots and peaches
- B. Chocolate milk
- C. Applesauce and milk
- D. Bananas and rice
Correct answer: D
Rationale: After a bout of diarrhea, it is important to offer foods that are gentle on the stomach and help in recovery. Bananas and rice are commonly recommended as they are easily digestible and can help firm up stools. Apricots, peaches, and applesauce may be too acidic and fibrous, potentially aggravating the stomach. Chocolate milk is high in sugar and can worsen diarrhea due to its lactose content.
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