HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam
1. What is a key intervention for a child with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?
- A. Insulin administration
- B. Increased dietary fat intake
- C. Restricted fluid intake
- D. Routine physical examinations only
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insulin administration. When a child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, insulin administration is a crucial intervention. Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels by enabling cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. Without sufficient insulin, blood glucose levels can become dangerously high, leading to various complications. Increased dietary fat intake (choice B) is not a recommended intervention for type 1 diabetes management, as it can contribute to weight gain and other health issues. Restricted fluid intake (choice C) is also not appropriate, as adequate hydration is essential for overall health. Routine physical examinations (choice D) are important but are not the primary intervention needed to manage type 1 diabetes.
2. What is the term for the study of how diet affects gene expression?
- A. Epigenetics
- B. Nutrigenomics
- C. Genomics
- D. Genetics
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nutrigenomics is the study of how diet affects gene expression, influencing health outcomes and disease risk. Epigenetics (choice A) involves changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Genomics (choice C) is the study of an organism's entire genome. Genetics (choice D) is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
3. What should be monitored closely in a child receiving chemotherapy?
- A. Blood glucose levels
- B. White blood cell count
- C. Blood pressure
- D. Heart rate
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: White blood cell count. During chemotherapy, it is crucial to monitor the white blood cell count closely to detect potential neutropenia (low white blood cell count) and the associated risk of infections. Monitoring blood glucose levels (Choice A) is important for diabetic management and not directly related to chemotherapy. Blood pressure (Choice C) and heart rate (Choice D) are essential vital signs to monitor but are not the primary focus when monitoring a child receiving chemotherapy.
4. Which characteristic is most typical of a chronic disease?
- A. It has a rapid onset.
- B. It rarely has noticeable symptoms.
- C. It produces sharp pains.
- D. It progresses gradually.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Chronic diseases are characterized by a gradual progression over time, affecting individuals for an extended period. Option A is incorrect as chronic diseases do not have a rapid onset like acute conditions. Option B is incorrect as chronic diseases often manifest noticeable symptoms. Option C is incorrect as sharp pains are not a defining characteristic of chronic diseases. Chronic diseases can present a variety of symptoms depending on the specific condition, but gradual progression is a common feature distinguishing them from acute illnesses.
5. What is one primary factor that influences nutrient needs in individuals?
- A. Age
- B. Gender
- C. Genetics
- D. Physical activity level
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Correct. Age is one of the primary factors influencing nutrient needs. Different life stages, such as infancy, childhood, adulthood, and old age, require varying amounts of nutrients. Gender (choice B) can influence nutrient needs to some extent, but age plays a more significant role. Genetics (choice C) may affect how individuals metabolize certain nutrients but is not a primary factor in determining overall nutrient needs. Physical activity level (choice D) can impact energy requirements but is not as fundamental as age in influencing overall nutrient needs.
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