HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam
1. What should be assessed in a child with suspected appendicitis?
- A. Level of consciousness
- B. Bowel sounds and pain location
- C. Skin color and temperature
- D. Heart rate and blood pressure
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to assess bowel sounds and pain location. In a child with suspected appendicitis, focusing on bowel sounds and pain location, particularly in the lower right quadrant, is crucial. This assessment helps to identify symptoms commonly associated with appendicitis. Assessing the level of consciousness (Choice A) is important in other conditions such as head injuries or neurological issues. Skin color and temperature (Choice C) are more indicative of circulatory or skin-related problems. Heart rate and blood pressure (Choice D) are vital signs that are essential to assess in various conditions but are not specific to suspected appendicitis.
2. What is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection in children?
- A. Fever
- B. Weight loss
- C. Abdominal pain
- D. Increased appetite
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Fever is a common symptom of a urinary tract infection in children. It is often accompanied by other symptoms such as pain or discomfort. Weight loss (choice B) is not a typical symptom of a urinary tract infection in children. Abdominal pain (choice C) can be present but is not as specific as fever. Increased appetite (choice D) is not a common symptom of a urinary tract infection.
3. What dietary modification is important for a child with celiac disease?
- A. Increase dairy intake
- B. Avoid gluten-containing foods
- C. Decrease protein intake
- D. Increase fiber intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid gluten-containing foods. For a child with celiac disease, it is crucial to eliminate gluten from their diet to manage the condition effectively. Gluten triggers an immune response in individuals with celiac disease, leading to symptoms and damage to the small intestine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing dairy intake, decreasing protein intake, or increasing fiber intake are not specific dietary modifications for managing celiac disease.
4. Non-nutrient substances found in plant foods that may demonstrate biological activity in the body are commonly known as ___
- A. Bioenhancements
- B. Inorganic fibers
- C. Phytochemicals
- D. Phytoactive chemicals
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds found in plant foods that may affect health. They are known for their potential health benefits, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. 'Bioenhancements' is not a term used to describe non-nutrient substances in plant foods. 'Inorganic fibers' do not refer to bioactive compounds found in plants. 'Phytoactive chemicals' is not a commonly used term in nutrition science to describe these compounds.
5. How should a healthcare professional manage a child with a newly inserted gastrostomy tube?
- A. Monitor for signs of infection
- B. Increase the child's fluid intake
- C. Restrict all oral intake
- D. Use only sterile equipment for feedings
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring for signs of infection at the gastrostomy site is crucial for ensuring proper care and preventing complications. This involves observing for redness, swelling, warmth, or drainage around the insertion site. Increasing the child's fluid intake (Choice B) may be beneficial for hydration but is not specifically related to managing a newly inserted gastrostomy tube. Restricting all oral intake (Choice C) is not necessary as long as the healthcare professional follows the recommended guidelines for feeding. While using sterile equipment for feedings (Choice D) is important, monitoring for signs of infection takes precedence in the immediate post-insertion period.
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