HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Test Bank
1. A 16-month-old child has just been admitted to the hospital. As the nurse assigned to this child enters the hospital room for the first time, the toddler runs to the mother, clings to her, and begins to cry. What would be the initial action by the nurse?
- A. Arrange for a change in client care assignments
- B. Explain that this behavior is expected
- C. Discuss the appropriate use of 'time-out'
- D. Explain that the child is in need of extra attention
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to explain that this behavior is expected. At 16 months of age, children commonly experience separation anxiety, especially in unfamiliar environments like hospitals. It is important for the nurse to reassure the child and the parent that such behavior is normal. Option A is incorrect as there is no need to change client care assignments based on the child's behavior. Option C is not appropriate as discussing the use of 'time-out' is more relevant in behavior management for older children. Option D is incorrect as it does not address the underlying cause of the child's behavior related to separation anxiety.
2. Which of the following is not classified as an essential health service?
- A. Provision of eye glasses and dentures for the elderly
- B. Maternal and child care
- C. Basic sanitation and prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
- D. Promotion of proper nutrition, adequate supply of safe water, and health education
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The provision of eyeglasses and dentures for the elderly is not classified as an essential health service. Essential health services typically focus on preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative care that address the primary healthcare needs of individuals and communities. Choices B, C, and D are examples of essential health services as they directly contribute to improving and maintaining the health of populations. Maternal and child care, basic sanitation, disease prevention, nutrition promotion, safe water supply, and health education are essential components of public health initiatives.
3. Which topic should be included in planning a secondary prevention project for the local retirement community?
- A. Safety measures in the home.
- B. Adult immunization program.
- C. Rehabilitation after surgery.
- D. Vision and hearing screening.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In planning a secondary prevention project for the local retirement community, vision and hearing screening should be included. This is crucial as sensory impairments are common among older adults and early detection through screening can help in preventing further complications. Safety measures in the home, adult immunization programs, and rehabilitation after surgery are important but fall more under primary or tertiary prevention strategies rather than secondary prevention, which focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of health conditions.
4. Which of the following health behavior choices are essential to promoting health and preventing diseases?
- A. Getting the right kind of food, adequate sleep, physical activity, and effectively handling stress
- B. Stopping smoking and taking vacations
- C. Making sure that all prescription medications are taken properly and at the right time
- D. Avoiding crowds during flu season
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Proper nutrition, adequate sleep, engaging in physical activity, and effective stress management are crucial for promoting health and preventing diseases. Choices B, C, and D do not encompass the comprehensive approach needed for overall health and disease prevention. Stopping smoking is important for health but is not the only factor to consider. Taking vacations can contribute to well-being but is not a core health behavior choice. Ensuring proper medication intake is essential for managing specific health conditions but does not cover all aspects of health promotion. Avoiding crowds during flu season is a preventive measure for infectious diseases but is not a fundamental health behavior choice for overall well-being.
5. In the provision of preventive care to workers, the nurse must be aware of biological hazards that are harmful to workers and their families, such as:
- A. bacteria, fungi, and insects
- B. noise
- C. toxic metals, poisonous gas fumes, and dust
- D. stress
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: bacteria, fungi, and insects. Biological hazards in the workplace can include microorganisms like bacteria and fungi that can cause infections, as well as insects that may carry diseases. Noise (choice B) is considered a physical hazard, not a biological one. Toxic metals, poisonous gas fumes, and dust (choice C) are examples of chemical hazards, not biological hazards. While stress (choice D) can be a health concern in the workplace, it is not classified as a biological hazard.
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