HESI LPN
HESI Practice Test for Fundamentals
1. While assisting a client with a meal, the client suddenly grabs at their neck with both hands and appears frightened. The appropriate nursing action is to:
- A. Ask the client if they are choking
- B. Perform abdominal thrusts
- C. Call for emergency help
- D. Check the client’s airway
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action when a client suddenly grabs at their neck and appears frightened is to ask if they are choking. This allows the nurse to gather more information from the client directly. Performing abdominal thrusts (choice B) should only be done if the client is unable to speak, cough, or breathe. Calling for emergency help (choice C) should be done after assessing the situation and confirming choking. Checking the client's airway (choice D) is important but should come after confirming that the client is choking.
2. A charge nurse on an acute care unit is planning care for a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to promote the client’s continuity of care?
- A. Plan to assign the client a different nurse each shift
- B. Limit the number of interdisciplinary team members involved in managing the client’s care
- C. Request that the client complete a satisfaction survey at discharge
- D. Start discharge planning on the day of admission
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Starting discharge planning on the day of admission is crucial to ensuring a smooth transition and continuity of care for the client. It allows for early identification of needs, coordination of services, and timely interventions. Assigning a different nurse each shift (Choice A) can disrupt continuity of care and lead to inconsistencies in the client's treatment. Limiting the number of interdisciplinary team members (Choice B) may hinder comprehensive care coordination. Requesting a satisfaction survey at discharge (Choice C) focuses more on feedback rather than proactive care planning and coordination.
3. A nurse is teaching an older adult client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus about how to care for corns and calluses on her toes. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can place an oval corn pad over toes that have corns as long as I remove the pad weekly
- B. I should soak my feet in warm water daily to soften corns and calluses
- C. I can apply lotion to soften calluses as long as I don’t put lotion between my toes
- D. I should use an over the counter liquid medication to remove corns
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Applying lotion to the feet, avoiding between toes, is correct; over-the-counter treatments and soaking are not recommended.
4. A client is on bed rest. Which of the following interventions should the nurse plan to implement?
- A. Encourage the client to perform antiembolic exercises every 2 hours.
- B. Instruct the client to cough and deep breathe every 4 hours.
- C. Restrict the client’s fluid intake.
- D. Reposition the client every 4 hours.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: To prevent complications associated with prolonged bed rest, encouraging the client to perform antiembolic exercises every 2 hours is essential. These exercises help promote circulation and prevent blood clots. Instructing the client to cough and deep breathe every 4 hours is beneficial for respiratory function, but it is not as critical as antiembolic exercises. Repositioning the client every 4 hours helps prevent pressure ulcers and maintain skin integrity. Restricting fluid intake is not recommended, as hydration is important for overall health and well-being, especially for clients on bed rest.
5. A healthcare professional is screening several clients at a neighborhood health fair. Which of the following assessment findings is the priority for referral for further care?
- A. HR 105/min
- B. BMI 25 kg/m²
- C. BP 148/92
- D. Glucose 45 mg/dL
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Glucose 45 mg/dL.' Glucose level of 45 mg/dL indicates hypoglycemia, which is a critical condition requiring immediate attention to prevent complications like seizures, loss of consciousness, and even coma. Hypoglycemia can lead to serious adverse outcomes if not promptly addressed. Choices A, B, and C do not represent immediate life-threatening conditions and can be managed as part of routine care, unlike hypoglycemia which demands urgent intervention.
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