HESI LPN
Nutrition Final Exam Quizlet
1. What is a key preventive measure for avoiding urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children?
- A. Restrict fluid intake
- B. Encourage frequent urination
- C. Use topical antibiotics
- D. Increase dietary calcium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging frequent urination is a key preventive measure for avoiding urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. It helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract, reducing the risk of UTIs. Restricting fluid intake (Choice A) is not recommended as it may lead to concentrated urine and increase the risk of UTIs. Using topical antibiotics (Choice C) is not a preventive measure for UTIs and should only be used under medical guidance. Increasing dietary calcium (Choice D) is not directly linked to preventing UTIs in children.
2. What is a common sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea?
- A. Decreased urine output
- B. Increased appetite
- C. Warm, dry skin
- D. Elevated blood pressure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased urine output. When a child with diarrhea is dehydrated, they may have decreased urine output, indicating that their body is conserving fluids. This sign highlights the importance of fluid replacement to prevent worsening dehydration. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increased appetite is not typically associated with dehydration but can be seen in other conditions. Warm, dry skin may be a sign of fever or other skin conditions, not specifically dehydration. Elevated blood pressure is not a common sign of dehydration in a child with diarrhea.
3. What is an important dietary consideration for a child with celiac disease?
- A. Increased iron intake
- B. Gluten-free diet
- C. High-protein diet
- D. Low-sodium diet
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A gluten-free diet is crucial for managing celiac disease in children because it helps prevent intestinal damage and alleviate symptoms. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, and it triggers an immune response in individuals with celiac disease, damaging the lining of the small intestine. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect. While iron intake is important for overall health, a child with celiac disease can still meet their iron needs through sources that are naturally gluten-free or fortified. A high-protein diet or a low-sodium diet are not specifically required for managing celiac disease.
4. Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient?
- A. Vitamin C
- B. Iron
- C. Calcium
- D. Fiber
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Fiber. Macronutrients are nutrients required by the body in larger amounts, and they include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Fiber is a type of carbohydrate that falls under this category. Vitamin C (choice A) is a water-soluble vitamin, Iron (choice B) is a mineral, and Calcium (choice C) is also a mineral, not a macronutrient. Therefore, Fiber is the only macronutrient listed in the choices.
5. What is a common symptom of Kawasaki disease?
- A. Persistent fever for more than 5 days
- B. Excessive vomiting
- C. Sudden weight gain
- D. Decreased appetite
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Persistent fever lasting more than 5 days is a hallmark symptom of Kawasaki disease, often accompanied by rash and conjunctivitis. Excessive vomiting (choice B), sudden weight gain (choice C), and decreased appetite (choice D) are not typically associated with Kawasaki disease. Therefore, choices B, C, and D can be eliminated as they do not align with the common symptoms of Kawasaki disease.
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