how should a nurse manage a child with an allergy to multiple food items

HESI LPN

Nutrition Final Exam Quizlet

1. How should one manage a child with an allergy to multiple food items?

A. Avoid all identified allergens
B. Increase dietary exposure to allergens
C. Administer daily antihistamines
D. Restrict all food intake

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When managing a child with an allergy to multiple food items, the most appropriate approach is to avoid all identified allergens. This is crucial to prevent allergic reactions and ensure the child's safety. Choice B, increasing dietary exposure to allergens, is incorrect as it can lead to severe allergic reactions. Choice C, administering daily antihistamines, may help manage symptoms but does not address the root cause, which is avoiding allergens. Choice D, restricting all food intake, is not a viable option as it can lead to malnutrition and other health issues.

2. What is a common symptom of a vitamin D deficiency in children?

A. Frequent infections
B. Bone pain and tenderness
C. Excessive thirst
D. Unexplained bruising

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bone pain and tenderness are indeed common symptoms of vitamin D deficiency in children. Vitamin D plays a crucial role in bone health and growth. The deficiency can lead to weakened bones, causing pain and tenderness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Frequent infections are not a typical symptom of vitamin D deficiency in children; excessive thirst is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes, and unexplained bruising is not directly linked to vitamin D deficiency.

3. What is a key dietary consideration for a child with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

A. High-fiber diet
B. Low-phenylalanine diet
C. Increased dairy intake
D. High-sodium diet

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A low-phenylalanine diet is crucial for managing PKU to prevent neurological damage and maintain normal development. Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in protein-containing foods, and individuals with PKU have difficulty metabolizing it. Consuming foods low in phenylalanine helps prevent the buildup of toxic byproducts in the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A high-fiber diet, increased dairy intake, and high-sodium diet are not specific dietary considerations for PKU management. In fact, dairy products are a source of protein and phenylalanine, which should be limited in PKU.

4. Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the body?

A. They provide insulation and support for organs.
B. They help regulate body temperature.
C. They serve as the body's main structural components.
D. They are the body's primary source of energy.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Carbohydrates are the body's primary source of energy, fueling daily activities and bodily functions. Choice A is incorrect because insulation and organ support are primarily provided by adipose tissue and structural proteins, not carbohydrates. Choice B is incorrect because the regulation of body temperature is mainly controlled by processes like sweating and shivering, not carbohydrates. Choice C is incorrect because structural components like proteins are responsible for building tissues and organs, not carbohydrates.

5. What is the most effective therapy for maintaining remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

A. Surgery to remove enlarged lymph nodes
B. Long-term chemotherapy
C. Nutritional supplements to enhance blood cell production
D. Blood transfusions to replace ineffective red cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Long-term chemotherapy. Long-term chemotherapy, specifically with methotrexate, is the most effective therapy for maintaining remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Surgery to remove enlarged lymph nodes (Choice A) is not the primary treatment for leukemia. Nutritional supplements (Choice C) may support overall health but are not the mainstay therapy for maintaining leukemia remission. Blood transfusions (Choice D) are used to address anemia in some cases but are not the primary treatment for maintaining remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.