HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2023
1. When assessing a child with suspected nephrotic syndrome, what clinical manifestation is the nurse likely to observe?
- A. Jaundice
- B. Edema
- C. Hypertension
- D. Polyuria
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Edema is a hallmark clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. In nephrotic syndrome, there is increased glomerular permeability leading to the loss of proteins, particularly albumin, in the urine. This results in decreased oncotic pressure, leading to fluid shifting into the interstitial spaces and causing edema. Jaundice (Choice A) is not a typical clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. Hypertension (Choice C) is more commonly associated with conditions like glomerulonephritis. Polyuria (Choice D) is not a primary symptom of nephrotic syndrome; instead, patients may have reduced urine output due to fluid retention from edema.
2. .A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is being discharged from the hospital. What is important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Monitor blood glucose levels once a day
- B. Follow a strict meal plan
- C. Administer insulin only when blood glucose is high
- D. Recognize signs of hypoglycemia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Recognizing signs of hypoglycemia is crucial for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus and preventing complications.
3. The parents of a child with asthma ask the nurse how they can help their child prevent asthma attacks. What should the nurse advise?
- A. Avoid exposure to allergens
- B. Encourage regular exercise
- C. Provide a high-protein diet
- D. Increase fluid intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the parents to avoid exposure to allergens. Asthma attacks are often triggered by allergens such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, and mold. By minimizing the child's exposure to these triggers, the likelihood of asthma attacks can be reduced. Encouraging regular exercise is beneficial for overall health but may not directly prevent asthma attacks. Providing a high-protein diet and increasing fluid intake are important for general well-being but do not specifically address asthma prevention.
4. Why is it recommended that closure of the palate should be done before the age of 2 for an 11-month-old infant with a cleft palate?
- A. “After the age of 2, surgery becomes frightening and should be avoided if possible.”
- B. “The eruption of the 2-year molars often complicates the surgical procedure.”
- C. “As your child grows older, the palate widens, making repair more challenging.”
- D. “Surgery should be performed before your child begins to use faulty speech patterns.”
Correct answer: D
Rationale: It is recommended to perform palate closure surgery before the child starts using faulty speech patterns to prevent the development of speech issues that may be harder to correct later. Delaying surgery until after the age of 2 can lead to the child forming incorrect speech habits, which can be challenging to correct. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not address the specific concern related to speech development in children with cleft palates.
5. What is one of the most important factors that a healthcare professional must consider when parents of a toddler request to be present at a procedure occurring on the hospital unit?
- A. Type of procedure to be performed
- B. Individual assessment of the parents
- C. Whether the toddler wants the parents present
- D. Probable reaction to the toddler’s response to pain
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When parents of a toddler request to be present during a procedure, it is crucial to conduct an individual assessment of the parents. This assessment helps healthcare professionals understand the parents' ability to cope with the procedure, provide support to their child, and ensure a safe and comfortable environment for all involved. Choice A, the type of procedure to be performed, while important, is not the most critical factor in this scenario. Choice C, whether the toddler wants the parents present, is significant but secondary to assessing the parents themselves. Choice D, probable reaction to the toddler’s response to pain, is important but focuses more on the child's reaction rather than the parents' capacity to provide appropriate support.
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