HESI LPN
Pediatrics HESI 2023
1. After a discussion with the health care provider, the parents of an infant with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ask the nurse to explain once again what PDA is. How should the nurse respond?
- A. The diameter of the aorta is enlarged.
- B. The wall between the right and left ventricles is open.
- C. It is a narrowing of the entrance to the pulmonary artery.
- D. It is a connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'It is a connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.' Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is an abnormal connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, which normally closes after birth. Choices A, B, and C describe different cardiac conditions and do not accurately define PDA. Choice A is incorrect because PDA does not involve the diameter of the aorta being enlarged. Choice B is incorrect because PDA does not involve the wall between the right and left ventricles being open. Choice C is incorrect because PDA is not a narrowing of the entrance to the pulmonary artery.
2. A child with a diagnosis of pyloric stenosis is scheduled for surgery. What preoperative intervention is important for the nurse to perform?
- A. Administering intravenous fluids
- B. Monitoring for signs of infection
- C. Monitoring for signs of dehydration
- D. Monitoring for signs of pain
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct preoperative intervention for a child with pyloric stenosis is to monitor for signs of dehydration. Pyloric stenosis involves the obstruction of the pyloric sphincter, leading to projectile vomiting, which can result in dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Monitoring for signs of dehydration is crucial to assess the child's fluid status and prevent complications. Administering intravenous fluids, although important in managing dehydration, is not typically a preoperative intervention but rather a treatment during or after surgery. Monitoring for signs of infection and pain may also be important but are not the priority preoperative interventions in a child with pyloric stenosis.
3. A healthcare professional is educating a group of parents on preventing childhood obesity. What should the professional recommend?
- A. Encourage high-calorie snacks
- B. Limit screen time
- C. Encourage fast food as a treat
- D. Allow the child to eat freely
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit screen time when preventing childhood obesity. Excessive screen time is associated with a sedentary lifestyle and can lead to increased consumption of unhealthy foods. Encouraging high-calorie snacks (choice A) contradicts the goal of preventing obesity. While fast food as an occasional treat (choice C) can be acceptable in moderation, it should not be encouraged as a preventive measure against obesity. Allowing the child to eat freely (choice D) without guidance can lead to overconsumption of unhealthy foods and contribute to obesity risk.
4. A child with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia is admitted to the hospital with a vaso-occlusive crisis. What is the most important nursing intervention?
- A. Administering oxygen
- B. Administering pain medication
- C. Monitoring fluid intake
- D. Encouraging physical activity
Correct answer: B
Rationale: During a vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia, the priority nursing intervention is administering pain medication to alleviate the severe pain associated with the crisis. While administering oxygen can help improve oxygenation, pain relief is crucial in managing the crisis. Monitoring fluid intake is important in sickle cell anemia but is not the most immediate intervention during a vaso-occlusive crisis. Encouraging physical activity is contraindicated during a vaso-occlusive crisis as it can exacerbate pain and complications.
5. A 7-year-old child has an altered mental status, high fever, and a generalized rash. You perform your assessment and initiate oxygen therapy. En route to the hospital, you should be most alert for
- A. vomiting
- B. seizures
- C. combativeness
- D. respiratory distress
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Seizures are a common complication in children with high fever and altered mental status, indicating a risk of febrile seizures. While vomiting can occur with altered mental status, seizures are of higher concern due to the association with febrile illnesses in children. Combativeness may be a concern in some altered mental status cases but is not as common as seizures. Respiratory distress, although important, is not the primary concern in this scenario given the symptoms presented.
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