Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is inspecting the skin of a child with atopic dermatitis. What would the nurse expect to observe?

• A. Erythematous papulovesicular rash
• B. Dry, red, scaly rash with lichenification
• C. Pustular vesicles with honey-colored exudates
• D. Hypopigmented oval scaly lesions

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In atopic dermatitis, the nurse would expect to observe a dry, red, scaly rash with lichenification. Lichenification is thickened skin due to chronic scratching. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Erythematous papulovesicular rash is more characteristic of contact dermatitis, pustular vesicles with honey-colored exudates are seen in impetigo, and hypopigmented oval scaly lesions are typical of pityriasis alba.

2. The parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes ask about exercise. What should the nurse explain about exercise in type 1 diabetes?

• A. Exercise will increase blood glucose levels
• B. Exercise should be restricted
• C. Extra snacks are needed before exercise
• D. Extra insulin is required during exercise

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In type 1 diabetes, extra snacks are needed before exercise to prevent hypoglycemia. It is important to provide additional carbohydrates to maintain blood glucose levels during physical activity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Exercise typically lowers blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes; however, proper management and adjustments in insulin and food intake are necessary to prevent hypoglycemia. Exercise should not be restricted in individuals with type 1 diabetes but should be planned in coordination with healthcare providers to ensure safety and optimal glucose control. While some individuals may need adjustments in insulin dosages during exercise, the general statement that extra insulin is required during exercise in type 1 diabetes is not accurate.

3. A healthcare professional is assessing a child with suspected bacterial meningitis. What is a common clinical manifestation that the healthcare professional is likely to observe?

• A. Rash
• B. Photophobia
• C. Jaundice
• D. Kernig sign

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A common clinical manifestation of bacterial meningitis is a positive Kernig sign, indicating irritation of the meninges. Rash (Choice A) is not typically associated with bacterial meningitis. Photophobia (Choice B) can be present but is more commonly seen in viral meningitis. Jaundice (Choice C) is not a typical clinical manifestation of meningitis and is more indicative of liver dysfunction.

4. A child with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis. What is the most important nursing intervention?

• A. Administering oxygen
• B. Administering pain medication
• C. Monitoring fluid intake
• D. Encouraging physical activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering pain medication is the most crucial nursing intervention during a vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia. Pain management is a priority to alleviate the patient's discomfort and improve outcomes. Administering oxygen may be necessary in some cases but is not the primary intervention for vaso-occlusive crisis. Monitoring fluid intake is important in sickle cell anemia but is not the priority during a crisis situation. Encouraging physical activity is contraindicated during a vaso-occlusive crisis as it can exacerbate pain and complications.

5. What should be the focus of nursing activity for the mother of an 8-year-old girl with a broken arm, who is the nurturer in the family?

• A. Teaching proper care procedures
• B. Dealing with insurance coverage
• C. Determining the success of treatment
• D. Transmitting information to family members

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Teaching proper care procedures. In this scenario, focusing on teaching the mother proper care procedures is crucial as she is the nurturer in the family and will likely be the primary caregiver for the child. This will empower her to provide appropriate care and support for her daughter during the recovery process. Choices B, C, and D are not the most appropriate activities for the mother in this situation. Dealing with insurance coverage, determining treatment success, and transmitting information to family members are important but not as directly relevant to the immediate care needs of the child's broken arm.

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