HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Test Bank 2023
1. At a routine health assessment, a client tells the nurse that she is planning a pregnancy in the near future. She asks about preconception diet changes. Which of the statements made by the nurse is best?
- A. Include fibers in your daily diet.
- B. Increase green leafy vegetable intake.
- C. Drink a glass of milk with each meal.
- D. Eat at least 1 serving of fish weekly.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Increase green leafy vegetable intake." This is the best advice because green leafy vegetables are rich in folic acid, which is essential for fetal development and helps prevent neural tube defects. Choice A is not specific enough and does not address the importance of folic acid. Choice C, drinking milk with each meal, does not provide the necessary folic acid intake. Choice D, eating fish weekly, is not as crucial for preconception diet changes as increasing folic acid intake.
2. A client with a history of seizures is receiving phenytoin (Dilantin). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Gingival hyperplasia
- D. Hypokalemia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gingival hyperplasia. Phenytoin can cause gingival hyperplasia, characterized by an overgrowth of gum tissue. It is important for the nurse to monitor the client for this side effect as it can lead to oral health issues. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Phenytoin does not typically cause hypertension, hyperglycemia, or hypokalemia as common side effects.
3. A 16-year-old female client returns to the clinic because she is pregnant for the third time by a new boyfriend. Which vaccine should the nurse plan to administer?
- A. MMR
- B. Hepatitis B
- C. Human papillomavirus
- D. Pneumococcal
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Hepatitis B. The Hepatitis B vaccine is crucial for pregnant women to prevent transmission of the virus to the baby during childbirth. Option A, MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella) vaccine, is not indicated during pregnancy. Option C, Human papillomavirus vaccine, is recommended for prevention of HPV infections but is not specifically indicated during pregnancy. Option D, Pneumococcal vaccine, is important for certain populations but is not the priority vaccine for a pregnant woman in this scenario.
4. An example of secondary prevention strategy would be:
- A. Screening for breast cancer in women who have no symptoms
- B. Using pain control medications for terminal cancer patients
- C. Educating teenagers about using condoms to prevent STDs
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Screening for breast cancer is a secondary prevention strategy aimed at early detection, which falls under secondary prevention as it focuses on early identification and intervention before the disease progresses. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to palliative care for symptom management in terminal cancer patients, which is not a secondary prevention strategy. Choice C is incorrect as educating teenagers about condom use is a primary prevention strategy to prevent the initial occurrence of STDs rather than intervening after exposure, making it a primary, not a secondary prevention strategy. Choice D is incorrect as there is a valid example of a secondary prevention strategy provided in choice A.
5. The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who has the left leg in skeletal traction. Which of the following activities would be an appropriate diversional activity?
- A. Kicking balloons with the right leg
- B. Playing 'Simon Says'
- C. Playing handheld games
- D. Throwing bean bags
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Playing handheld games is an appropriate diversional activity for a child in skeletal traction because it does not require physical movement of the affected limb. This activity can help keep the child entertained and engaged without risking any harm to the tractioned leg. Choices A, B, and D involve physical movements that could potentially interfere with the skeletal traction or cause discomfort to the child.
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