HESI LPN
Fundamentals HESI
1. A client with a prescription for a clear liquid diet is receiving teaching about food choices from a nurse. Which of the following selections by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. Gelatin
- B. Whole milk
- C. Cream soups
- D. Orange juice
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gelatin. Gelatin is suitable for a clear liquid diet because it is transparent and free of solid particles. Clear liquid diets are designed to be easily digested and leave minimal residue in the gastrointestinal tract. Choices B, C, and D are not appropriate for a clear liquid diet. Whole milk, cream soups, and orange juice contain solid particles or pulp, which are not allowed on a clear liquid diet. Whole milk and cream soups are not clear liquids as they contain milk solids and vegetable particles respectively. Orange juice contains pulp, which is not part of a clear liquid diet. It is important for clients to follow dietary restrictions to achieve the intended therapeutic outcomes.
2. When caring for a client at the end of life, which statement by the client’s partner reflects effective coping?
- A. I am relying on support from our family during this time.
- B. I am feeling overwhelmed but don’t want to talk about it.
- C. I am managing everything on my own without help.
- D. I prefer to stay alone with my partner.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I am relying on support from our family during this time.' When a client is at the end of life, relying on support from family can be an effective coping mechanism. It allows the partner to share the emotional burden, seek comfort, and prevent feelings of isolation. Choice B reflects a reluctance to express feelings, which can hinder coping mechanisms by internalizing stress. Choice C suggests handling everything alone, which can lead to burnout and emotional strain due to the overwhelming responsibilities. Choice D, preferring to stay alone with the partner, may limit access to external support that could provide additional emotional and practical assistance during this challenging time, making it a less effective coping strategy.
3. Why should a client with an ileal conduit be instructed to empty the collection device frequently?
- A. Force urine to back up into the kidneys.
- B. Suppress production of urine.
- C. Cause the device to pull away from the skin.
- D. Tear the ileal conduit
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A full urine collection bag can cause the device to pull away from the skin, leading to potential leakage and skin irritation. Choice A is incorrect because a full urine collection bag does not force urine to back up into the kidneys. Choice B is incorrect as a full collection bag does not suppress the production of urine. Choice D is incorrect as a full collection bag is unlikely to tear the ileal conduit.
4. A healthcare professional is planning care to improve self-feeding for a client with vision loss. Which of the following interventions should the healthcare professional include in the plan of care?
- A. Instruct the client on the sequence of foods to eat first
- B. Offer small-handle utensils for the client to use
- C. Thicken liquids served to the client
- D. Use a clock pattern to indicate food placement on the client's plate
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. When a client has vision loss, using a clock pattern to describe food placement on the plate can facilitate independent eating. This method enables the client to locate different food items based on their positions, enhancing self-feeding abilities. Instructing the client on the sequence of foods to eat first (Choice A) may not address the visual impairment directly. Providing small-handle utensils (Choice B) can be helpful for clients with limited dexterity but may not specifically assist a client with vision loss. Thickening liquids (Choice C) is more relevant for clients with dysphagia, not vision loss.
5. The healthcare provider is observing the way a patient walks. Which aspect is the healthcare provider assessing?
- A. Activity tolerance
- B. Body alignment
- C. Range of motion
- D. Gait
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When assessing the way a patient walks, the healthcare provider is evaluating the gait, which refers to a particular manner or style of walking. Body alignment pertains to the positioning of body parts in relation to one another, range of motion refers to the extent of movement of a joint, and activity tolerance relates to the ability to endure physical activities. In this scenario, observing the patient's walking pattern specifically focuses on gait assessment.
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