HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Practice Questions
1. At 0345, you receive a call for a woman in labor. Upon arriving at the scene, you are greeted by a very anxious man who tells you that his wife is having her baby 'now.' This man escorts you into the living room where a 25-year-old woman is lying on the couch in obvious pain. Which of the following statements regarding crowning is true?
- A. Crowning represents the end of the second stage of labor.
- B. Crowning always occurs immediately after the amniotic sac has ruptured.
- C. It is safe to transport the patient during crowning if the hospital is close.
- D. Gentle pressure should be applied to the baby's head during crowning.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: During crowning, it is essential to apply gentle pressure to the baby's head to prevent rapid delivery, which can lead to potential injuries to both the mother and the baby. Choice A is incorrect because crowning signifies the beginning, not the end, of the second stage of labor. Choice B is incorrect as crowning can occur before or after the amniotic sac ruptures. Choice C is incorrect as transporting the patient during crowning, even if the hospital is close, can be unsafe due to the risk of rapid delivery and complications.
2. A parent calls the clinic because their child has ingested a small amount of household bleach. What should the nurse advise?
- A. Administer activated charcoal
- B. Induce vomiting immediately
- C. Call the poison control center
- D. Take the child to the emergency department
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In the case of a child ingesting household bleach, the primary advice should be to call the poison control center (Choice C). The poison control center can provide specific guidance on how to manage the ingestion, including whether any immediate interventions are necessary. Administering activated charcoal (Choice A) or inducing vomiting immediately (Choice B) can worsen the situation as they are not recommended treatments for bleach ingestion. Taking the child to the emergency department (Choice D) may be necessary depending on the advice given by the poison control center, but the initial step should be to seek guidance from the experts at the poison control center.
3. According to Friedman's structural functional theory, what defines the family component of meeting the love and belonging needs of each member?
- A. Meeting the love and belonging needs of each member
- B. Teaching children how to function and assume adult roles in society
- C. Ensuring the family has necessary resources with appropriate allocation
- D. Involving the provision of physical care to keep the family healthy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Friedman's structural functional theory outlines different functions of a family. The affective function, as defined by Friedman, pertains to meeting the love and belonging needs of each member. This includes emotional support, nurturing, and creating a sense of security within the family unit. Choices B, C, and D do not specifically address the affective function described in Friedman's theory. Choice B focuses on socialization and preparing children for adult roles, choice C relates to the economic function of a family, and choice D pertains to the instrumental function of providing physical care for health.
4. The nurse is caring for an 8-year-old girl with an endocrine disorder involving the posterior pituitary gland. What care would the nurse expect to implement?
- A. Instructing the parents to report adverse reactions to the growth hormone treatment
- B. Teaching the parents how to administer desmopressin acetate
- C. Informing the parents that treatment stops when puberty begins
- D. Educating the parents to report signs of acute adrenal crisis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a child with a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland, desmopressin acetate is commonly used to manage the condition by replacing the antidiuretic hormone. Instructing the parents to administer desmopressin acetate correctly is essential for the child's treatment. The other options are incorrect because growth hormone treatment, stopping treatment at puberty, and reporting signs of acute adrenal crisis are not directly related to managing a disorder of the posterior pituitary gland.
5. Which is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a child with acute glomerulonephritis?
- A. Risk for injury related to malignant process and treatment
- B. Fluid volume deficit related to excessive losses
- C. Fluid volume excess related to decreased plasma filtration
- D. Fluid volume excess related to fluid accumulation in tissues and third spaces
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a child with acute glomerulonephritis is 'Fluid volume excess related to decreased plasma filtration.' Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation in the glomeruli, leading to decreased plasma filtration and retention of fluid. This results in fluid volume excess rather than deficit, making choice C the correct answer. Choice A is incorrect because acute glomerulonephritis is not primarily associated with a malignant process. Choice B is incorrect as the condition typically presents with fluid volume excess rather than deficit. Choice D is also incorrect as fluid accumulation in tissues and third spaces is not a typical manifestation of acute glomerulonephritis.
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