HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI Practice Questions
1. A child with a diagnosis of congenital heart disease is admitted to the hospital. What should the nurse include in the child’s care plan?
- A. Monitoring fluid status
- B. Encouraging activity
- C. Promoting a high-calorie diet
- D. Maintaining oxygen therapy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Monitoring fluid status is crucial for a child with congenital heart disease because these children are at risk of fluid overload which can worsen their condition. Monitoring fluid intake and output helps prevent complications like congestive heart failure. Encouraging activity (Choice B) should be individualized based on the child's condition and tolerance, as excessive activity can strain the heart. Promoting a high-calorie diet (Choice C) is not typically recommended for children with congenital heart disease unless specifically indicated, as excessive weight gain can worsen their cardiac function. Maintaining oxygen therapy (Choice D) may be necessary in some cases, but monitoring fluid status is a more fundamental aspect of care for children with congenital heart disease.
2. A child is diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Which laboratory test would the nurse expect the child to undergo to provide additional evidence for this condition?
- A. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- B. Potassium hydroxide prep
- C. Wound culture
- D. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level. An elevated serum IgE level is commonly associated with atopic dermatitis, reflecting an allergic response. Choice A, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, is not typically used to diagnose atopic dermatitis. Choice B, potassium hydroxide prep, is used to identify fungal infections like ringworm, not for diagnosing atopic dermatitis. Choice C, wound culture, is performed to identify microorganisms in a wound, not to diagnose atopic dermatitis.
3. When teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes about dietary management, what should the nurse include?
- A. Eating meals at home is recommended.
- B. Food portions should be measured using a gram scale.
- C. Ensure a ready source of glucose is available.
- D. No specific foods need to be cooked for the adolescent.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When teaching an adolescent with type 1 diabetes about dietary management, it is crucial to ensure a ready source of glucose is available. In cases of hypoglycemia, having a quick source of glucose can help raise blood sugar levels rapidly. Option A is not the most critical aspect of dietary management for an adolescent with type 1 diabetes. While it is generally recommended to eat meals at home for better control over food choices, the availability of a ready glucose source takes precedence. Option B, weighing foods on a gram scale, may not be practical for every meal and could be burdensome. Option D, cooking specific foods for the adolescent, is not necessary as the focus should be on the overall dietary plan rather than individualized meals.
4. What finding would lead the nurse to suspect that a child has Turner syndrome?
- A. Webbed neck
- B. Microcephaly
- C. Gynecomastia
- D. Cognitive delay
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A webbed neck is a key feature seen in Turner syndrome, a genetic condition that occurs in females due to a complete or partial absence of one of the X chromosomes. This physical trait is caused by excess skin on the neck, giving it a webbed appearance. Microcephaly (Choice B) is a condition characterized by a smaller than average head size and is not typically associated with Turner syndrome. Gynecomastia (Choice C) refers to breast enlargement in males and is not a common finding in Turner syndrome, which affects females. Cognitive delay (Choice D) is not a specific characteristic of Turner syndrome, as the syndrome primarily affects physical development and may not necessarily impact cognitive abilities.
5. A healthcare provider is preparing to administer an oral medication to a 4-year-old child. What is the best approach to gain the child's cooperation?
- A. Explain the medication's importance to the child
- B. Allow the child to play with a favorite toy while taking the medication
- C. Offer a reward after the medication is taken
- D. Give the medication mixed with a small amount of a favorite food
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Allowing the child to play with a favorite toy while taking the medication is the best approach to gain the child's cooperation. This strategy can help distract and calm the child, making the medication administration process smoother. Explaining the medication's importance (Choice A) may not be as effective in gaining immediate cooperation from a young child who may not fully understand. Offering a reward after the medication is taken (Choice C) may create a dependency on rewards for cooperation. Giving the medication mixed with food (Choice D) may not always be appropriate or recommended, especially if the child needs to take the medication on an empty stomach.
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