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HESI Pediatrics Quizlet
1. What should parents be taught when a 7-year-old child with a history of seizures is being discharged from the hospital?
- A. Administer antiepileptic medication as prescribed
- B. Ensure the child receives adequate sleep
- C. Restrict the child's activities to prevent seizures
- D. Teach seizure first aid to family members
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Teaching seizure first aid to family members is crucial in ensuring the child's safety during a seizure. This education empowers family members to respond effectively, protect the child from injury, and provide appropriate care. Option A is incorrect because antiepileptic medication should be administered as prescribed, not only when a seizure occurs. Option B, while important for overall health, is not specific to managing seizures. Option C is incorrect as there is no evidence that restricting activities prevents seizures, and it may negatively impact the child's quality of life without offering additional safety benefits.
2. The nurse is caring for a boy with probable intussusception. He had diarrhea before admission, but while waiting for the administration of air pressure to reduce the intussusception, he passes a normal brown stool. Which nursing action is the most appropriate?
- A. notify the practitioner
- B. measure abdominal girth
- C. auscultate for bowel sounds
- D. take vital signs, including blood pressure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The passage of a normal brown stool in a child with intussusception could indicate spontaneous reduction of the intussusception. This change in the patient's condition is significant, requiring prompt notification of the practitioner for further evaluation and management. While measuring abdominal girth (Choice B) is important for assessing abdominal distention, it is not the priority when a potential spontaneous reduction may have occurred. Auscultating for bowel sounds (Choice C) and taking vital signs, including blood pressure (Choice D), are routine nursing assessments but do not address the immediate need to inform the practitioner of a possible change in the patient's condition that necessitates urgent attention.
3. Parents of a sick infant talk with a nurse about their baby. One parent says, “I am so upset; I didn’t realize our baby was ill.” What major indication of illness in an infant should the nurse explain to the parent?
- A. Grunting respirations
- B. Excessive perspiration
- C. Longer periods of sleep
- D. Crying immediately after feedings
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Longer periods of sleep than usual can be a sign of illness in infants. When an infant sleeps more than usual, it may indicate that the baby is conserving energy due to an underlying condition. Grunting respirations (choice A) can be a sign of respiratory distress, excessive perspiration (choice B) may indicate overheating or fever, and crying immediately after feedings (choice D) can be a sign of gastrointestinal discomfort, such as colic or reflux. However, in this scenario, the emphasis is on changes in sleep patterns as a potential indicator of illness.
4. A healthcare provider is assessing a child with suspected Kawasaki disease. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare provider likely to observe?
- A. Generalized rash
- B. Peeling skin on the hands and feet
- C. High fever
- D. Low-grade fever
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Peeling skin on the hands and feet is a characteristic clinical manifestation of Kawasaki disease, known as desquamation. This occurs during the convalescent phase of the illness. While Kawasaki disease is associated with a high fever, which is a common early sign, and can also present with other symptoms like conjunctivitis, mucous membrane changes, and lymphadenopathy, the peeling skin on the hands and feet is a classic feature that distinguishes Kawasaki disease from other conditions. Generalized rash is not a specific hallmark of Kawasaki disease, and low-grade fever is not typically associated with this condition. Therefore, the correct answer is B, peeling skin on the hands and feet, which is a key feature of Kawasaki disease.
5. A parent tearfully tells a nurse, 'They think our child is developmentally delayed. We are thinking about investigating a preschool program for cognitively impaired children.' What is the nurse’s most appropriate response?
- A. Praise the parent for the decision and encourage the plan.
- B. Ask for more specific information related to the developmental delays.
- C. Advise the parent to have the healthcare provider help choose an appropriate program.
- D. Explain that this may be a premature action and the developmental delays could disappear.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate response for the nurse in this situation is to ask for more specific information related to the developmental delays. By seeking additional details, the nurse can better understand the situation, offer appropriate support, and provide guidance tailored to the child's specific needs. Praising the parent or encouraging the plan without understanding the full context may not be beneficial. Advising the parent to have the healthcare provider help choose a program assumes the parent has not already involved the healthcare provider, which may not be the case. Explaining that the developmental delays could disappear is not appropriate as it may give false hope or minimize the parent's concerns.
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